Key Terms - New World Beginnings (1) Flashcards

Key terms from chapter one, New World Beginnings, in the book, The American Pageant Vol 1 Edition 14.

1531444707	Canadian Shield	a zone secured by the Appalachian Mountains	0
1531444708	Incas	a civilization originating in Peru	1
1531444709	Aztecs	a civilization originating in Mexico highly worshiped their gods including human sacrifices	2
1531444710	Nation-States	dense concentrations of population	3
1531444711	Cahokia	Mississippian settlement in southwest Illinois	4
1531444712	Three-sister farming	three different plants working together to grow they all benefit each other Ex: beans, corn, and squash	5
1531444713	Middlemen	the role between a producer and a retailer/consumer Ex: Producers, Middlemen, Retailers/Consumers	6
1531444714	Caravel	a Portuguese ship that could sail windward more easily than past ships	7
1531444715	Plantation	a large farm maintained by slave labor	8
1531444716	Columbian Exchange	the exchange between the New World and the Old World Ex: Old World gave New World wheat, sugar, rice, and coffee New World gave Old World gold and silver	9
1531444717	Treaty of Tordesillas	signed by Spain and Portugal June 7, 1494 dividing up land between the two countries Spain: Mexico, Central America, Western and northeastern coast of South America, Ponce de Leon (Bahamas), Spain Portugal: eastern coast of Brazil, southwestern coast of Africa, and northern coast of Africa, Portugal	10
1531444718	Conquistadors	conquerors	11
1531444719	Capitalism	an economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making profits	12
1531444720	Encomienda	Spanish government's policy to give Indians to certain colonists, in return the colonists would promise to Christianize them when in actuality it was just a slave trade	13
1531444721	Noche Triste (Sad Night)	June 30, 1520 the Aztecs tried to drive out the Spanish but they failed	14
1531444722	Mestizos	the mixture of European and Indian heritage	15
1531444723	Battle of Acoma	On January 22,1599 a battle was held in New Mexico between Spaniards and Acomas. The Spaniards won.	16
1531444724	Pope's Rebellion	In 1680 the Indians decided to rebel against the Roman Catholic regligion	17
1531444725	Black Legend	a false concept about the Spanish invaders including that they: tortured and butchered the Indians ("killing for Christ"), stole their gold, infected them with smallpox these things did happen but it gave the Spanish an awful reputation when in actuality they also did some miraculous, positive things	18