AP Chem ch. 1 Flashcards
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| 456967875 | chemistry | the study of the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter | 1 | |
| 456967876 | property | any characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity | 2 | |
| 456967877 | element | a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means; composed of only one type of atom | 3 | |
| 456967878 | atom | the smallest representative particle of an element | 4 | |
| 456967879 | molecule | an entity composed of two or more atoms with the atoms attached to one another in a specific way | 5 | |
| 456967880 | mass | a measure of the amount of material in an object | 6 | |
| 456967881 | states of matter | gas, liquid, and solid | 7 | |
| 456967882 | gas | has no fixed volume or shape; conforms to the volume and shape of its container; molecules are far apart and move at high speeds | 8 | |
| 456967883 | liquid | has a distinct volume independent of its container but had no specific shape; assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies; molecules are packed more closely together but move rapidly and slide | 9 | |
| 456967884 | solid | has a definite shape and volume; molecules are held tightly together in definite arrangements and wiggle slightly | 10 | |
| 456967885 | pure substance | matter that has distinct properties and a composition that doesn't vary from sample to sample (elements and compounds) | 11 | |
| 456967886 | compound | a substance composed of two or more elements | 12 | |
| 456967887 | mixture | a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity | 13 | |
| 456967888 | components | the substances that make up a mixture | 14 | |
| 456967889 | homogeneous mixture (solution) | a mixture that is uniform throughout ( a solution) | 15 | |
| 456967890 | heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that does not have the same composition, properties, and appearance throughout | 16 | |
| 456967891 | law of constant composition (law of definite proportions) | the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same | 17 | |
| 456967892 | physical properties | can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance (color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness) | 18 | |
| 456967893 | chemical properties | describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances | 19 | |
| 456967894 | physical change | matter does not change its composition (ex. changes of states) | 20 | |
| 456967895 | chemical change (chemical reaction) | a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance | 21 | |
| 456967896 | intensive properties | are independent of the amount of matter examined; are used to identify substances | 22 | |
| 456967897 | extensive properties | relate to the amount of substance present | 23 | |
| 456967898 | scientific method | a dynamic process used to answer questions about our physical world | 24 | |
| 456967899 | scientific laws | general rules that summarize how nature behaves | 25 | |
| 456967900 | hypothesis | a tentative explanation that guides in planning further experiments | 26 | |
| 456967901 | theory | an explanation of the general causes of certain phenomena, with considerable evidence or facts to support it | 27 | |
| 456967902 | quantitative analysis | the determination of the amount of a given substance that is present in a sample | 28 | |
| 456967903 | qualitative analysis | the determination of the presence or absence of a particular substance in a mixture | 29 | |
| 456967904 | metric system | metric units are used for scientific measurements | 30 | |
| 456967905 | SI units | preferred units used in scientific measurement (length=meter (m), mass=kilogram (kg), time=second (s), temperature=Kelvin (K)) | 31 | |
| 456967906 | temperature | the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object; determines the direction of heat flow | 32 | |
| 456967907 | Celsius scale | the everyday temperature scale of most countries | 33 | |
| 456967908 | Kelvin scale | the SI temperature scale | 34 | |
| 456967909 | Kelvin <--> Celsius | K = C + 273.15 | 35 | |
| 456967910 | Celsius --> Fahrenheit | F = (9/5)C + 32 | 36 | |
| 456967911 | Fahrenheit --> Celsius | C = (5/9)(F - 32) | 37 | |
| 456967912 | precision | indicates how closely different measurements of a quantity agree with one another | 38 | |
| 456967913 | accuracy | indicates how well a measurement agrees with the accepted or "true" value | 39 | |
| 456967914 | significant figures | in a measured quantity, they include one estimated digit (the last digit of the measurement) | 40 | |
| 456967915 | dimensional analysis | an approach to problem solving in which we keep track of units as we carry measurements through calculations | 41 | |
| 456967916 | conversion factor | a fraction whose numerator and denominator are the same quantity expressed in different units | 42 |