Vocab of Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranian and Middle East Flashcards

1052889536	Cyrus the Great	king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire	1
1052889537	Persian Empire	an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great and destroyed by Alexander the Great	2
1052889538	Royal Road	A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire	3
1052889539	Bureaucracy	A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials	4
1052889540	Zoroastrianism	Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end	5
1052889541	Zoroaster	Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC)	6
1052889542	Alexander the Great	king of Macedonia, conqueror of Greek city-states and of the Persian empire from Asia Minor and Egypt to India.	7
1052889543	Xerxes	King of Persia; his armies invaded Greece but were eventually defeated by the Greeks.	8
1052889544	City-State (polis)	a city with its own government and laws	9
1052889545	Arable	capable of being farmed productively	10
1052889546	Hellenistic	A cultural blend of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian.	11
1052889547	Hellenic	Greek culture	12
1052889548	Democracy	A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	13
1052889549	Oligarchy	A government ruled by a few powerful people	14
1052889550	Monarchy	A government ruled by a king or queen	15
1052889551	Tyranny	A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator	16
1052889552	Acropolis	A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city	17
1052889553	Parthenon	A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece	18
1052889554	Athens	A democratic Greek city-state who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.	19
1052889555	Sparta	Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts	20
1052889556	Persian War	wars between the Persian empire and Greek city-states	21
1052889557	Peloponnesian War	The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won	22
1052889558	Aristotle	A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato	23
1052889559	Socrates	An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.	24
1052889560	Plato	Greek philosopher and teacher that was a student of Socrates	25
1052889561	Draco	Characterized by very strict laws, rules, and punishments	26
1052889562	Solon	Greek aristocrat who strengthened the economy through reforms	27
1052889563	Battle of Marathon	a battle in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians	28
1052889564	Battle of Salamis	The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greeks defeated the Persian fleet.	29
1052889565	Delian league	An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians	30
1052889566	Peloponnesian league	League created and led by Sparta that consisted of Spartan and their allies	31
1052889567	Pericles	Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece	32
1052889568	Golden age of Pericles	a time of achievements in the arts, science, and philosophy in Athens during the reign of Pericles	33
1052889569	Herodotus	(Father of History) stressed importance of research	34
1052889570	Aeschylus	Greek tragedian	35
1052889571	Sophocles	Greek writer of tragedy Oedipus Rex	36
1052889572	Thucydides	Greek historian who wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War	37
1052889573	Homer	A Greek poet who was the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey	38
1052889574	Iliad and Odyssey	Greek epic poems written by Homer	39
1052889575	Ionic	one of three orders of classical Greek architecture	40
1052889576	Doric	oldest and simplest of the three orders of classical Greek architecture	41
1052889577	Corinthian	A style of Hellenistic architecture. The most ornate (fancy) of the three styles.	42
1052889578	Archimedes	Greek mathematician and inventor. He wrote works on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics. He is best known for the lever and pulley.	43
1052889579	Hippocrates	"Father of Medicine"	44
1052889580	Euclid	Greek Mathematician (Father of Geometry)	45
1052889581	Pythagoras	Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem	46
1052889582	Phillip II	The father of Alexander the Great and the king of Macedonia.	47
1052889583	Macedonia	An ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C.	48
1052889584	Greek Mythology	the mythology of the ancient Greeks	49