Summer Psychology Kalat Vocab Chp 10 (10.1-10.2) Flashcards

852554377	Cognition	Thinking, gaining knowledge, and using knowledge.	1
852554378	Attention	Your tendency to respond to some other stimulus more than others at any given time or to remember some more than others.	2
852554379	Preattentive Process	Meaning that it stands out imediately. We don't have to shift attention from one object to another.	3
852554380	Attentive Process	One that requires searching through the items in series.	4
852554381	Stroop Effect	The tendency to read the word, instead of saying the color of ink as instructed.	5
852554382	Change- Blindness	The frequent failure to detect changes in parts of a scene.	6
852554383	Attentional Blink	During a brief time after perceiving one stimulus, it is difficult to attend to something else.	7
852554384	Attention- Defecit Disorder (ADD)	Easy distraction, impulsiveness, moodiness, and failure to follow through on plans.	8
852554385	Attention- Defecit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)	The same except with excessive activity and "fidgetiness."	9
852554386	Prototypes	Familiar or typical examples.	10
852554387	Spreading Activation	Think about one of the concepts shown in this figure will activate, or prime, the concepts linked to it.	11
852554388	Priming	A concept gets it started. A small reminder of a concept makes it easier for someone to think of it.	12
852554389	Algorithm	A mechanical, repetitive procedure for solving a problem or testing every hypothesis.	13
852554390	Heuristics	Strategies for simplifying a problem and generating a satisfactory guess.	14
852554391	Representative Heuristics	The assumption that an item that resembles members of some category is probably another member of that category.	15
852554392	Base- Rate Information	How common the two categories are.	16
852554393	Avaliability Heuristics	The strategy of assuming that how easily one can remember examples of some kind of item indicates how common the item itself is.	17
852554394	Critical Thinking	The careful evaluation of evidence for and against any conclusion.	18
852554395	Overconfident	They believed their estimates were more accurate than they actually were.	19
852554396	Confirmation Bias	Accepting a hypothesis and then looking for evidence to support it, instead of considering other possibilities.	20
852554397	Functional Fixedness	The tendency to adhere to a single approach or a single way of using an item.	21
852554398	Framing Effect	The tendency to answer a question differently when it is framed (phased) differently.	22
852554399	Sunk Cost Effect	The willingness to so something because of money or effort already spent.	23
852554400	Maximizing	Thoroughly considering every possibility to find the best one.	24
852554401	Satisficinig	Searching only until you find something that is good enough (satisfactory).	25
852554402	Productivity	The ability to combine our words into new sentences that express an unlimited variety of ideas.	26
852554403	Transformational Grammar	A system for converting a deep structure into a surface structure.	27
852554404	Williams Syndrome	A genetic condition characterized by mental retardation in most regards but skillful use of language.	28
852554405	Language Acquisition Device	A built- in mechanism for acquiring language.	29
852554406	Broca's Aphasia	A condition characterized by difficulties in language production.	30
852554407	Wernicke's Aphasia	A condition marked by difficulty recalling the names of objects and impaired comprehension of language.	31
852554408	Bilingual	Learning two languages about equally well.	32
852554409	Word- Superiority Effect	Idenitfy the letter more accurately when it is part of a whole word than when it is presented by itself.	33
852554410	Phoneme	A unit of sound.	34
852554411	Morpheme	A unit of meaning.	35
852554412	Fixations	When your eyes are stationary.	36
852554413	Saccades	Quick eye movements that take your eyes from one fixation point to another.	37