Sensation and preception Flashcards

38663398	absolute threshold	the level of sensory stimulation necessary for sensation to occur	0
38663399	adaptation	the gradual loss of attention to unneeded or unwanted sensory information	1
38663400	sensation	the process of receiving information from the environment	2
38663401	perception	the process of organizing and assembling sensory information to make it meaningful	3
38663402	white light	light as it originates from the sun or a bulb before it is broken into different frequencies	4
38663403	cornea	the clear outer covering of the eye, behind which is fluid	5
38663404	iris	a colored circular muscle that opens and closes, forming larger and smaller circles to control the amount of light getting into the eye	6
38663405	lens	the part of the eye that focuses an object on the retina	7
38663406	pupil	the opening in the eye	8
38663407	retina	the back of the eye, which contains millions of receptors for light	9
38663408	blind spot	the portion of the retina through which the optic nerve exits and where there are no receptors for light waves	10
38663409	rod	a visual receptor most sensitive to the violet-purple wave lengths; very sensitive for night vision; "sees" only black and white	11
38663410	cone	a visual receptor that responds during daylight; "sees" color	12
38663411	color blindness	inability to perceive certain colors, such as red and green	13
38663412	afterimage	image that remains after stimulation of the retina has ended. Cones not used fire to bring the visual system back in balance.	14
38663413	subliminal perception	Stimulation presented below the level of consciousness	15
38663414	audition	the sense of hearing	16
38663415	pitch	how high or low a sound is	17
38663416	timbre	the complexity of a sound	18
38663417	intensity	how loud a sound is	19
38663418	decibles	a measure of how loud a sound is	20
38663419	eardrum	A piece of skin stretched over the entrance of the ear; vibrates to sound.	21
38663420	cochlea	a snail-shaped part of the ear, filled with fluid and small hairs that vibrate to incoming sound	22
38663421	hair cells	receptor cells for hearing found in the cochlea	23
38663422	cilia	hairlike extensions on cells	24
38663423	auditory nerve	bundle of nerves carrying sound to the brain	25
38663424	cutaneous receptors	nerve receptors in the skin that respond to pressure, temperature, or pain	26
38663425	olfaction	the sense of smell	27
38663426	olfactory bulbs	units that receive odor molecules and communicate their nature to the brain	28
38663427	pheromones	odor chemicals that communicate a message	29
38663428	taste receptors	chemical receptors on the tongue that decode molecules of food or drink to identify them.	30
38663429	size constancy	the ability to retain the size of an object regardless of where it is located	31
38663430	color constancy	the ability to perceive an object as the same color regardless of the environment	32
38663431	shape constancy	the ability to perceive an object as having the same shape regardless of the angle at which it is seen	33
38663432	brightness constancy	the ability to keep an object's brightness constant as the object is moved to various environments	34
38663433	space constancy	the ability to keep objects in the environment steady be perceiving either ourselves or outside objects as moving	35
38663434	size constancy	the ability to retain the size of an object regardless of where it is located	36
38663435	depth perception	the ability to see the relation of objects in space	37
38663436	visual cliff	an apparatus used to demonstrate depth perception	38
38663437	retinal disparity	the differences between the images provided by the two retinas. When the images are brought together in the brain, they provide a sense of depth	39
38663438	texture gradient	how rough or smooth objects appear; used in depth perception	40
38663439	gestalt	an organized whole, shape, or form	41
38663440	similarity	a perceptual cue that involves grouping like things together	42
38663441	proximity	a perceptual cue that involves grouping together things are near one another	43
38663442	closure	the process of filling in the missing details of what is viewed	44
38663443	illusions	inaccurate perceptions	45
38663444	Muller-Lyer illusion	illusion in which one line in a picture with two equal-length lines seems longer	46
38663445	reversible figures	illusion in which the same object is seen as two alternating figures- first one, then the other	47