Biology 1001 Campbell Chapter 2 Flashcards

905578019	Matter	anything that takes up space and has mass	1
905578020	matter exists as	many forms, rocks, metal, oil gass	2
905578021	Mass	the amount of matter in an object	3
905578022	Element	a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by any chemical reaction	4
905578023	Compound	a substance consisting of 2 or more different elements, ex table salt, or water	5
905578024	Atom	the smallest part of an element	6
905578025	molecule	two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds	7
905578026	What are the 4 elements that make up 96 of all living life	hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen	8
905578027	Proton	has one unit of positive charge	9
905578028	Electron	has one unit of negative charge	10
905578029	Neutron	electrically neutral	11
905578030	Dalton	units of measurements for atoms, subatomic particles and molecules, neutrons and protons have masses close to 1 dalton	12
905578031	Atomic number	the number of protons in the atom, the number on the table of elements	13
905578032	atomic weight	is determined by the number of protons and the number of neturons	14
905578033	atomic mass	the mass number is an approximation of the total mass of an atom	15
905578034	isotopes	different atomic forms of the same element, ex carbon	16
905578035	energy	the capacity to change......to move matter against an opposing force	17
905578036	valence electrons	the outer most electrons on the outermost shell	18
905578037	full valence shells	are inert/ or chemically unreactive	19
905578038	chemical bonds	an attraction between two atoms from sharing of outer shell electrons	20
905578039	covalent bond	the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms	21
905578040	molecule	two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds	22
905578041	ionic bonds	a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions	23
905578042	ion	is a atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons	24
905578043	hydrogen bond	non covalent attraction between hydrogen and an electronegative atom	25
905578044	chemical reactions	making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter, example the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen molecules that form water	26
905578045	cohesion	hydrogen bonds that hold the substance together	27
905578046	adhesion	the clinging of one substance to another	28
905578047	kinetic energy	the energy of motion, anything that moves	29
905578048	thermal energy	random movement of atoms or moleules	30
905578049	temperature	the average kinetic energy of a molecule, regardless of volume	31
905578050	Hydroxl	H-O-	32
905578051	Hydronium ion	H-O-H+ H	33
905578052	pH	the negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions	34
905578053	-log [H+]	pH	35
905578054	pH of 1 is	acidic	36
905578055	pH of 14	very basic	37
905578056	buffer	something that will change the pH of a solution	38
905578057	is a trace element an essential element?	yes, because an organism requires trace elements, even if just in a small amount	39
905578058	The reactivity of an atom rises from?	the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell	40