Biology 1001 Chapter 3 - Cell structure and function Flashcards

54501134	chromatin	Masses of dispersed DNA in the nucleus.	0
54501135	flagella	Hair-like projections involved in movement.	1
54501136	grana	Structure inside chloroplasts that hold photosynthetic pigments	2
54501137	chloroplasts	Organelles that contain chlorophyll	3
54501138	organelles	Small bodies within the cell that have a specific structure and function.	4
54501139	animal	Do centrioles occur in plant or animal cells?	5
54501140	anthocyanin	Photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll, carotene, xanthophylls and _________.	6
54501141	mitochondria	Powerhouse of the cell.	7
54501142	nucleolus	Small spherical structure inside the nucleus that produces rRNA	8
54501143	chlorophyll	Photosynthetic pigment that is green.	9
54501144	hydrolytic enzymes	What do lysosomes contain?	10
54501145	75 trillion	Estimated number of cells in the human body.	11
54501146	carotene	Photosynthetic pigment that is orange.	12
54501147	all living things are composed of cells	Two parts of cell theory: 1) _______, 2) all cells come from pre-existing cells.	13
54501148	nucleus	Organellee that determines the physical and chemical properties of the cell.	14
54501149	near the cell membrane	Where are golgi apparatus usually located?	15
54501150	lysosome	Special vacuole formed by the golgi body containing powerful hydrolytic enzymes.	16
54501151	1 circular	Number and shape of chromosome in prokaryotic cells	17
54501152	golgi apparatus	Organelle nicknamed "shipping and receiving centre" of the cell	18
54501153	able to replicate on their own	Evidence of the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis: mitochondria and chloroplasts 1) same size and shape as bacteria, 2) have double membranes, 3) contain circular DNA, 4) have ribosomes same size as prokaryotes, 5) ________.	19
54501154	O2 is required	What feature of aerobic respiration distinguishes it from anaerobic respiration?	20
54501155	membrane-bound organelles	Main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells: 1) nucleus, 2) ______, 3) chromosomes, 4) cell wall.	21
54501156	carotene	Photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll, _________, xanthophylls and anthocyanin.	22
54501157	endosymbiotic	Name of the hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once both free living prokaryotes that were engulfed by an amoeba-like eukaryotic cell.	23
54501158	nucleus	Main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells: 1) ______, 2) membrane-bound organelles, 3) chromosomes, 4) cell wall.	24
54501159	all cells come from pre-existing cells	Two parts of cell theory: 1) All living things are composed of cells, 2) _______.	25
54501160	have ribosomes same size as prokaryotic ribosomes	Evidence of the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis: mitochondria and chloroplasts 1) same size and shape as bacteria, 2) have double membranes, 3) contain circular DNA, 4) ________, 5) able to replicate on their own.	26
54501161	rER and sER	two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	27
54501162	fluid mosaic	Name of the model of cell membrane structure.	28
54501163	chromosomes	Main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells: 1) nucleus, 2) membrane-bound organelles, 3) ______, 4) cell wall.	29
54501164	sER	Organelle containing enzymes involved in lipid synthesis	30
54501165	vacuole	Organelle produced by a golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum or infolding of cell membrane.	31
54501166	actin filament, intermediate filament, microtubule	Three types of cytoskeleton in order of size.	32
54501167	endoplasmic reticulum	System of tubular canals extending through the cytoplasm	33
54501168	cell wall	Main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells: 1) nucleus, 2) membrane-bound organelles, 3) chromosomes, 4) ______.	34
54501169	intracellular digestion (autodigestion)	What process are lysosomes involved in?	35
54501170	centriols	Organelles that are involved in formation of spindle apparatus	36
54501171	phagocytosis	Infolding of the cell membrane to encompass something in a vacuole. Also called "cell eating."	37
54501172	aerobic cellular respiration	Glucose +oxygen=carbon dioxide, water and Energy for converting ADP to ATP	38
54501173	euglena	Example of a microbe that has flagella	39
54501174	nucleus	Three main things in Eukaryotic cells: 1) cell membrane, 2) ______, 3) organelles.	40
54501175	anthocyanin	Photosynthetic pigment that is red.	41
54501176	polar	Polar or non-polar: tails of phospholipids in cell membrane	42
54501177	golgi apparatus	Organelle involved in secretion of the contents of vacuoles from the endoplasmic reticulum.	43
54501178	mitochondria	Organelle where ATP is produced	44
54501179	cytoskeleton	Part of the cell that maintains the cell's shape, anchors organelles and allows organelles to move.	45
54501180	nucleus	Largest organelle of the cell	46
54501181	vacuole	Membrane-bound cavity inside a cell.	47
54501182	paramecium	Example of a microbe that has cilia.	48
54501183	cell membrane	Three main things in Eukaryotic cells: 1) ______, 2) nucleus, 3) organelles.	49
54501184	animalia, plantae, fungi, protista	kingdoms with Eukaryotic cells	50
54501185	ribosomal ribonucleic acid	rRNA in full	51
54501186	ribosomes are attached	What makes rough endoplasmic reticulum rough?	52
54501187	Monera	Kingdom that is in the Prokaryote domain	53
54501188	have double membranes	Evidence of the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis: mitochondria and chloroplasts 1) same size and shape as bacteria, 2) ________, 3) contain circular DNA, 4) have ribosomes same size as prokaryotes, 5) able to replicate on their own.	54
54501189	linear	Shape of chromosomes in Eukaryotic cells	55
54501190	sperm cells	Example of where flagella are found in humans	56
54501191	vesicle	Small vacuole.	57
54501192	endoplasmic reticulum	Intracellular highway.	58
54501193	nucleus	Control center of the cell.	59
54501194	ribosomes	Protein factories of the cell, involved in protein synthesis.	60
54501195	attached to ER	If a ribosome is producing proteins that are to be transported outside the cell, where are they located?	61
54501196	xanthophylls	Photosynthetic pigment that is yellow.	62
54501197	chlorophyll	Photosynthetic pigments: _________, carotene, xanthophylls and anthocyanin.	63
54501198	xanthophyll	Photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll, carotene, _________ and anthocyanin.	64
54501199	same size and shape as bacteria	Evidence of the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis: mitochondria and chloroplasts 1) ________, 2) have double membranes, 3) contain circular DNA, 4) have ribosomes same size as prokaryotic ribosomes, 5) able to replicate on their own.	65
54501200	fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure	Double membrane of phospholipids with scattered proteins imbedded.	66
54501201	chloroplasts and mitochondria	Which organelles have an inner and outer membrane?	67
54501202	inner and outer membranes	What is unique about chloroplasts and mitochondria compared to other cell organelles?	68
54501203	rER	Organelle involved in protein synthesis for export out of the cell.	69
54501204	golgi apparatus	Organelle formed of stacks of flattened vacuoles.	70
54501205	nonpolar head, polar tails	Two main parts of the phosopholipid molecules in cell membrane.	71
54501206	cilia	Hair-like projections involved in movement, which are short and numerous.	72
54501207	centriols	Organelles that give rise to basal bodies - structures that give rise to cilia and flagella.	73
54501208	photosynthesis	carbon dioxide, water and sunlight energy = glucose and water.	74
54501209	centrioles	Organelles that are short cylinders located just outside the nucleus that occur in pairs, and at right angles to each other.	75
54501210	ribosomes	Which organelle that is NOT technically a membrane-bound organelle, is found in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?	76
54501211	lysosomes	Organelle nicknamed "suicide bag."	77
54501212	upper respiratory tract	Example of where cilia are found in humans	78
54501213	vacuole	Organelle that functions as a storage site for various molecules.	79
54501214	contain circular DNA	Evidence of the Endosymbiotic Hypothesis: mitochondria and chloroplasts 1) same size and shape as bacteria, 2) have double membranes, 3) ________, 4) have ribosomes same size as prokaryotic ribosomes, 5) able to replicate on their own.	80
54501215	organelles	Three main things in Eukaryotic cells: 1) cell membrane, 2) nucleus, 3) ______.	81
54501216	chloroplasts	Organelles that perform photosynthesis using light energy	82
54501217	polyribosomes (or polysome)	A functional group of ribosomes that are free in the cytoplasm	83