Biology 1001 - Chapter 5 Cell Division Flashcards
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| 57188014 | synthesis (of DNA) | Three phases of interphase: 1) growth 1, 2) _________, 3) growth 2. | 0 | |
| 57188015 | interphase | Phase in which the cell is undergoing metabolism and carrying on its normal functions. | 1 | |
| 57188016 | crossover | Exchange of corresponding segments of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis of meiosis. | 2 | |
| 57188017 | growth 2 | Three phases of interphase: 1) growth 1, 2) synthesis (of DNA), 3) _________. | 3 | |
| 57188018 | growth, repair, reproduction | Cell division is necessary for these three functions within organisms. | 4 | |
| 57188019 | chromatin loops and condenses | Levels of chromosome structure: 1) DNA helix, 2) DNA wraps around nucleosomes, and then coils into chromatin, 3) __________, 4) condensed chromosome. | 5 | |
| 57188020 | chromosomes move to poles | Key characteristics of anaphase: 1) centromeres divide, 2) __________, 3) entire cell elongates. | 6 | |
| 57188021 | 400 | About how many gametes does a woman release in her lifetime? | 7 | |
| 57188022 | 1 to 2 hours | How long does a cell take to move through the M phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase)? | 8 | |
| 57188023 | autosome | Non-sex chromosomes | 9 | |
| 57188024 | growth 1 | Three phases of interphase: 1) _________, 2) synthesis (of DNA), 3) growth 2. | 10 | |
| 57188025 | spindle aparatus disappears | Key characteristics of telophase: 1) nucleus and nucleolus reappear, 2) chromosomes disperse into chromatin, 3) __________, 4) cytokinesis with cleavage furrow or cell plate. | 11 | |
| 57188026 | cell plate | Unique structure that is characteristic of cytokinesis in plants. | 12 | |
| 57188027 | cyclin | Cell signal that must be present for the cell to proceed from the G2 stage to the M stage and for the cell to proceed from the G1 stage to the S stage. | 13 | |
| 57188028 | meiosis, mitosis | Two types of cell division. | 14 | |
| 57188029 | egg, sperm | Meiosis occurs during the production of the _____ and the _____. | 15 | |
| 57188030 | mitosis | Cell division in which the daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother cell. | 16 | |
| 57188031 | secondary ootid | When a woman ovulates, she is releasing a ________. | 17 | |
| 57188032 | diploid, haploid | Meiosis: parent cells are _________, daughter cells are _______. | 18 | |
| 57188033 | metaphase 2 | Stage of meiosis when chromosomes line up at the equator. | 19 | |
| 57188034 | 23 | Absolute number of chromosomes in a human gamete | 20 | |
| 57188035 | gonads | Sex organs. | 21 | |
| 57188036 | 50 | A typical cell will progress through the cell cycle how many times before maturing and differentiating? | 22 | |
| 57188037 | haploid, n | Generalized number of chromsomes in any organsim's gametes. | 23 | |
| 57188038 | somatic | In which type of cells does mitosis occur? | 24 | |
| 57188039 | keeps number of chromosomes constant | Importance of meiosis: 1) _________, 2) ensures next generation is genetically different from parents. | 25 | |
| 57188040 | p53 | Guardian angel gene, that has a role in preventing cancer. | 26 | |
| 57188041 | nondisjunction | Failure of the homologous chromosomes to separate in anaphase 1 or failure of the sister chromatids to separate in anaphase 2. | 27 | |
| 57188042 | gametogenesis | Production of gametes. | 28 | |
| 57188043 | DNA wraps around nucleosomes | Levels of chromosome structure: 1) DNA helix, 2) __________, and then coils into chromatin, 3) chromatin loops and condenses, 4) condensed chromosome. | 29 | |
| 57188044 | secondary spermatocytes | Two ________ are produced by meiosis 1 during spermatogenesis. | 30 | |
| 57188045 | DNA is replicated | Key characteristics of interphase: 1) __________, 2) centrioles replicate (in animals), 3) nucleus and nucleoli are visible, 4) chromosomes are not visible, 5) chromosomes are dispersed into chromatin. | 31 | |
| 57188046 | 46 | Absolute number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell. | 32 | |
| 57188047 | nucleus and nucleoli begin to disappear | Key characteristics of prophase: 1) chromatin condenses into chromosomes, 2) __________, 3) centrioles separate and move to poles, 4) spindle aparatus begins to form. | 33 | |
| 57188048 | chromosomes are not visible | Key characteristics of interphase: 1) DNA is replicated, 2) centrioles replicate (in animals), 3) nucleus and nucleoli are visible, 4) __________, 5) chromosomes are dispersed into chromatin. | 34 | |
| 57188049 | independent assortment | Process that introduces genetic variation into the formation of gametes, which occurs in metaphase 1. | 35 | |
| 57188050 | secondary oocyte | The larger-sized cell produced by meiosis 1 during oogenesis. | 36 | |
| 57188051 | 16 - 22 hours | How long does interphase last? | 37 | |
| 57188052 | synapsis | Connection between the centromeres of homologous chromosomes. | 38 | |
| 57188053 | chromosomes disperse into chromatin | Key characteristics of telophase: 1) nucleus and nucleolus reappear, 2) __________, 3) spindle aparatus disappears, 4) cytokinesis with cleavage furrow or cell plate. | 39 | |
| 57188054 | sister chromatids divide | Key feature of meiosis 2. | 40 | |
| 57188055 | chromsomes line up at the equator | Key characteristics of metaphase: 1) nucleus and nucleolus have disappeared, 2) spindle apparatus is completely formed, 3) __________. | 41 | |
| 57188056 | meiosis | Cell division where homologous chromosomes separate so that resulting gametes have 23 chromosomes | 42 | |
| 57188057 | nucleus and nucleoli are visible | Key characteristics of interphase: 1) DNA is replicated, 2) centrioles replicate (in animals), 3) __________, 4) chromosomes are not visible, 5) chromosomes are dispersed into chromatin. | 43 | |
| 57188058 | centromeres | Synapsis: connection between the _____ of homologous chromosomes. | 44 | |
| 57188059 | spindle apparatus is completely formed | Key characteristics of metaphase: 1) nucleus and nucleolus have disappeared, 2) __________, 3) chromsomes line up at the equator. | 45 | |
| 57188060 | centrioles separate and move to poles | Key characteristics of prophase: 1) chromatin condenses into chromosomes, 2) nucleus and nucleoli begin to disappear, 3) __________, 4) spindle aparatus begins to form. | 46 | |
| 57188061 | prophase 2 | Stage of meiosis when the nucleus and nucleolus disappear and chromosomes form. | 47 | |
| 57188062 | somatic | Another name for body cells. | 48 | |
| 57188063 | assortment for both sperm and egg | Sources of genetic variation in meiosis: 1) independent assortment, 2) _________, 3) crossing over. | 49 | |
| 57188064 | chromatin condenses into chromosomes | Key characteristics of prophase: 1) __________, 2) nucleus and nucleoli begin to disappear, 3) centrioles separate and move to poles, 4) spindle aparatus begins to form. | 50 | |
| 57188065 | fertilization | What is needed to prompt the secondary oocyte to complete the second meiotic division to produce an egg? | 51 | |
| 57188066 | 2 | Mitosis: 1 parent cell leads to _____ daughter cells. | 52 | |
| 57188067 | diploid, diploid | Mitosis: parent cell _________, daughter cell _______. | 53 | |
| 57188068 | independent assortment | Alleles of unlinked genes segregate independently of each other during meiosis so that the gametes contain all possible combinations of alleles. | 54 | |
| 57188069 | apoptosis | Programmed cell death. | 55 | |
| 57188070 | centrioles | Which organelle involved in cell division to plants lack? | 56 | |
| 57188071 | nucleus and nucleolus reappear | Key characteristics of telophase: 1) __________, 2) chromosomes disperse into chromatin, 3) spindle aparatus disappears, 4) cytokinesis with cleavage furrow or cell plate. | 57 | |
| 57188072 | 18 to 24 hours | How long does the cell cycle last? | 58 | |
| 57188073 | chromosomes are dispersed into chromatin | Key characteristics of interphase: 1) DNA is replicated, 2) centrioles replicate (in animals), 3) nucleus and nucleoli are visible, 4) chromosomes are not visible, 5) __________. | 59 | |
| 57188074 | anaphase 1 | Stage of cell division when homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles. | 60 | |
| 57188075 | 22 | How many pairs of autosomes does a human have? | 61 | |
| 57188076 | prophase 1 | Stage of meiosis when crossover may occur. | 62 | |
| 57188077 | cytokinesis with cleavage furrow or cell plate | Key characteristics of telophase: 1) nucleus and nucleolus reappear, 2) chromosomes disperse into chromatin, 3) spindle aparatus disappears, 4) __________. | 63 | |
| 57188078 | interkinesis | Stage between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 | 64 | |
| 57188079 | crossing over | Sources of genetic variation in meiosis: 1) independent assortment, 2) assortment for both sperm and egg, 3) _________. | 65 | |
| 57188080 | cleavage furrow | Unique characteristic that marks cytokinesis in animals. | 66 | |
| 57188081 | kinase | Protein that works with cyclin to help regulate the cell cycle | 67 | |
| 57188082 | metaphase 1 | Stage of cell division when tetrads line up at the equator. | 68 | |
| 57188083 | anaphase 2 | Stage of meiosis when centromeres divide and chromosomes move to opposite poles | 69 | |
| 57188084 | independent assortment | Sources of genetic variation in meiosis: 1) _________, 2) assortment for both sperm and egg, 3) crossing over. | 70 | |
| 57188085 | p53 | Gene/protein that stops the cell cycle when DNA is damaged, attempt repair and if it can't, brings about apoptosis. | 71 | |
| 57188086 | gametes | Another word for sex cells | 72 | |
| 57188087 | first polar body | The smaller-sized cell produced by meiosis 1 during oogenesis. | 73 | |
| 57188088 | same, different | Sexual reproduction ensures that each generation has the _______ number of chromosomes and that each individual has a ________ genetic makeup from that of either parent. | 74 | |
| 57188089 | karyotype | What is a display of all chromosomes of an organsims on a sheet of paper? | 75 | |
| 57188090 | 300 million | About how many gametes does a man release per ejaculation? | 76 | |
| 57188091 | crossover | Process that introduces genetic variation into the formation of gametes, which occurs in prophase 1 | 77 | |
| 57188092 | DNA helix | Levels of chromosome structure: 1) __________, 2) DNA wraps around nucleosomes, and then coils into chromatin, 3) chromatin loops and condenses, 4) condensed chromosome. | 78 | |
| 57188093 | interphase 1 | Stage of meiosis when the DNA replicates | 79 | |
| 57188094 | homologues divide | Key feature of meiosis 1. | 80 | |
| 57188095 | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase telophase | Phases of mitosis, in order. | 81 | |
| 57188096 | ensures next generation is genetically different from parents | Importance of meiosis: 1) keeps number of chromosomes constant, 2) _________. | 82 | |
| 57188097 | spindle aparatus begins to form | Key characteristics of prophase: 1) chromatin condenses into chromosomes, 2) nucleus and nucleoli begin to disappear, 3) centrioles separate and move to poles, 4) __________. | 83 | |
| 57188098 | DNA replication | What is the first thing that has to happen before a cell can divide? | 84 | |
| 57188099 | condensed chromosome | Levels of chromosome structure: 1) DNA helix, 2) DNA wraps around nucleosomes, and then coils into chromatin, 3) chromatin loops and condenses, 4) __________. | 85 | |
| 57188100 | centromeres divide | Key characteristics of anaphase: 1) __________, 2) chromosomes move to poles, 3) entire cell elongates. | 86 | |
| 57188101 | diploid, 2n | Generalized number of chromosomes in any organism's somatic cells. | 87 | |
| 57188102 | prophase 1 | Stage of cell division when homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetrad. | 88 | |
| 57188103 | telophase | Stage of cell division when the nucleus and nucleolus reappear and cytokinesis occurs. | 89 | |
| 57188104 | 4 | Meiosis: 1 parent cell leads to _____ daughter cells. | 90 | |
| 57188105 | gonads | Gametes are produced in the _______. | 91 | |
| 57188106 | prophase | Spindle fibers begin to appear during ________ | 92 | |
| 57188107 | spermatids | Four _____ are produced by meiosis 2 during spermatogenesis. | 93 | |
| 57188108 | entire cell elongates | Key characteristics of anaphase: 1) centromeres divide, 2) chromosomes move to poles, 3) __________. | 94 | |
| 57188109 | nucleus and nucleolus have disappeared | Key characteristics of metaphase: 1) __________, 2) spindle apparatus is completely formed, 3) chromsomes line up at the equator. | 95 | |
| 57188110 | centrioles replicate (in animals) | Key characteristics of interphase: 1) DNA is replicated, 2) __________, 3) nucleus and nucleoli are visible, 4) chromosomes are not visible, 5) chromosomes are dispersed into chromatin. | 96 |