Ch 5 American Pageant 13e JDCHS Flashcards

443869847	Jonathan Edwards	American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)	1
443869848	Benjamin Franklin	American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.	2
443869849	Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur	Frenchman who in 1770 wrote about how the race "American" is unlike any he has seen before, it being a mixture of numerous nationalities	3
443869850	George Whitefield	One of the preachers of the great awakening (key figure of "New Light"); known for his talented voice inflection and ability to bring many a person to their knees.	4
443869851	John Peter Zenger	Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty.	5
443869852	Phillis Wheatley	American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784)	6
443869853	John Singleton Copley	American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)	7
443869854	John Trumbull	He was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War famous for his historical paintings including his Declaration of Independence.	8
443869855	Charles Wilson Peale	the famous American painter from Maryland who, in the early 1800s, painted over 60 portraits of George Washington.	9
443869856	Benjamin West	an Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence.	10
443869857	Jacobus Arminius	A Dutch theologian who was the head of the Armenians. His main doctrine taught that an individual's free will, not predestination, determined a person's holiness or damnation.	11
443869858	Andrew Hamilton	lawyer who travelled from Philadelphia to take Zenger's case for the cause of liberty. He called upon the jury's members to judge the truth of the material for themselves. He believed freedom of speech was essential in colonies to make sure the governors would not abuse their power.	12
443869859	Paxton Boys	a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina.	13
443869860	Great Awakening	Puritanism had declined by the 1730s, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies.	14
443869861	Anglicans	Followers of the Church of England	15
443869862	rack-renting	A form of rent where the renter pays the highest possible price, which drove Scots-Irish to America.	16
443869863	Regulator movement	Eventually violent uprising of backcountry settlers in North Carolina against unfair taxation and the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite	17
443869864	old and new lights	the traditional and new members of the church during the Great Awakening	18
443869865	triangular trade	A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa	19
443869866	Molasses Act	A British law passed in 1773 to change a trade pattern in the American colonies by taxing molasses imported into colonies not ruled by Britain. Americans responded to this attempt to damage their international trade by bribing and smuggling. Their protest of this and other laws led to revolution.	20
443869867	Scots-Irish	Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies	21
443869868	naval stores	Materials used to build and maintain ships, such as tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine	22
443869869	praying towns	Towns set up by puritan missionaries for Indian converts to spread puritan Christianity, the first of which, Natick, was founded in 1651. As the Indian population in the east waned, assimilation as "Praying Indians" became the only option besides retreating farther west.	23
443869870	almshouses	Set up in New York and Philadelphia in the 1730s as homes for widows and orphans	24
443869871	jayle birds	English criminals (including robbers, rapists, and murderers) who were sent to America for voluntary indentured servitude	25
443869873	taverns	sprang up along main routes of travel and in cities. Served as a place for amusement but also for "gossiping," became a cradle of democracy	26
443869874	Congregational Church	an established church that grew out of Puritanism, established in all colonies except Rhode Island. apart of the neo-trinity consisting of Presbyterianism, Congregational, and rebellion.	27
443869875	Presbyterian	a form of Protestantism closely associated to Congregationalism, brought to American by the Scottish	28
443869876	Armenians	followers of Jacobus Arminius, preached the idea that individual free will, not divine decree determined a person's eternal fate.	29
443869877	heresies	a person who holds a belief contrary to orthodox Calvinism. Arminians were considered them.	30
443869878	Old Lights	the term used for orthodox clergymen who were deeply skeptical of the antics of the revivalists, usually were older members of the clergy.	31
443869879	New Lights	the term used for ministers who defended the Awakening for revitalizing American religion. George Whitefield, and Jonathan Edwards.	32