Intro to Psychology- Sensation and Perception (Chapter 6) Flashcards

1548852818	Gestalt Principle	Principles that describe the brains organization of sensory information into meaningful units and patterns	1
1548852819	binocular cues	Visual cues to depth or distance requiring two eyes.	2
1548852820	convergence	The turning inward of the eyes, which occurs when they focus on a nearby object.	3
1548852821	retinal disparity	The slight difference in lateral separation between two objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye.	4
1548852822	monocular cues	Visual cues to depth or distance that can be used by one eye alone. (linear perspective, shading, relative height, depth perception)	5
1549393384	pitch	The dimension of auditory experience related to the frequency of a pressure wave; the height or depth of a tone.	6
1549393385	Ambiguity	an impt concept in understanding perception -single image> multiple interpretation	7
1549393386	retinal disparity	The slight difference in lateral separation between two objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye.	8
1549393387	perceptual constancy	The accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce.	9
1549393388	sensation	The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by by physical objects; it occurs when energy in the external environment or the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs.	10
1549393389	perception	The process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information	11
1549393390	sense receptors	Specialized cells that convert physical energy in the environment or the body to electrical energy that can be transmitted as nerve impulses to the brain.	12
1549393391	doctrine of specific nerve	The principle that different sensory modalities exist because signals received by the sense organs stimulates different nerve pathways leading to different areas of the brain.	13
1549393392	synesthesia	A condition in which stimulation of one sense also evokes another.	14
1549393393	absolute threshold	The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer.	15
1549393394	difference threshold	The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared; also called just noticeable difference(jnd)	16
1549393395	signal- detection theory	A psychophysical theory that divides the detection of a sensory signal into a sensory process and a decision process.	17
1549393396	sensory adaptation	The reduction or disappearance of sensory responsiveness when stimulation is unchanging or repetitious.	18
1549393397	sensory deprivation	The absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation	19
1549393398	selective attention	The focusing of attention on selected aspects of the environment and the blocking out of others	20
1549393399	in attentional blindness	Failure to consciously perceive something you are looking at because you are not attending to it.	21
1549417039	hue	The dimension of visual experience specified by colour names and related to the wave lengths of light	22
1549417040	brightness	Lightness or luminance; the dimension of visual experience related to the amount of light emitted from or reflected by an object.	23
1549417041	saturation	Vividness or purity of colour; the dimension of visual experience related to the complexity of light waves.	24
1549417042	retina	Neural tissue lining the back of the eyeballs interior, which contains the receptors for vision	25
1549417043	rods	Visual receptors that respond to dim light	26
1549417044	cones	Visual receptors involved in colour vision.	27
1549417045	dark adaptation	A process by which visual receptors become maximally sensitive to dim light	28
1549417046	ganglion cells	Neurons in the retina of the eye that gather information from receptor cells (by way of intermediate bipolar cells); their axons make up the optic nerve.	29
1549417047	feature detector cells	Cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to specific features of the environment.	30
1549417048	trichromatic theory	A theory of colour perception that proposes three mechanisms in the visual system, each sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths; their interaction is assumed to produce all the different experiences of hue.	31
1549417049	opponent-process theory	A theory of colour perception that assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colours as opposing or antagonistic.	32