Subphylum Vertebrata - Fish Flashcards
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| 1421100762 | Give an example of a craniate animal. | Fish, reptiles, birds, mammals. | 1 | |
| 1421100763 | What is one advantage of having a cranium? | More complex movements and feeding behaviours. | 2 | |
| 1421100764 | What are Myxini. | Superclass Cyclostomes/Agnatha/Cephalaspidomorphi Class Myxini (Hagfish). | 3 | |
| 1421100765 | What are 3 characteristics of hagfish? | - Slime glands - Jaw-less - No paired fins - Most basal group of craniates - Marine scavengers - No larval stage - External fertilisation - Skeleton of cartilage | 4 | |
| 1421100766 | Are hagfish vertebrates? | Technically no, but still up for debate. | 5 | |
| 1421100767 | What are 5 characteristics of vertebrates? | - Vertebrae and head - Chordate features - Integument of 2 divisions (epi and inner dermis) - Well developed brain in cranium - Closed circulatory system and a heart - Muscular pharynx and digestive tract - W-shaped muscles - Dioecious - Excretory system (pair kidneys) - Endocrine system (ductless glands) | 6 | |
| 1421100768 | What are Agatha? | Jaw-less fish (hagfish, lampreys). | 7 | |
| 1421100769 | Where do young lampreys live? | Ammocoete larvae - lie buried in sand/mud and filter feed for 4-5 yrs before migrating to the sea. | 8 | |
| 1421100770 | Where have sea lamprey become a pest and why? | Great Lakes, trout. | 9 | |
| 1421100771 | What evolutionary advantage did Gnathostomes develop? | Jaws. | 10 | |
| 1421100772 | What were the first jaws most likely derived from? | Jaws evolved from skeletal supports of pharyngeal slits, cartilages supporting 1st gill arch. | 11 | |
| 1421100773 | What subclass do sharks belong to? | Elasmobranchii. | 12 | |
| 1421100774 | From what have shark teeth developed? | Scales, serial replacement. | 13 | |
| 1421100775 | How many species of Elasmobranchii are protected in NZ? | Great White shark. | 14 | |
| 1421100776 | Can sharks be harvested for shark-fin soup in NZ? | Sadly, yes. | 15 | |
| 1421100777 | Waht are Chimaera? | Cartilaginous fish in Order Chimaeriformes. Closest living relatives of sharks (branched off 400 mya). Have plates instead of mouths. | 16 | |
| 1421100778 | What is the skeleton of a Manta ray composed of? | Cartilage. | 17 | |
| 1421274152 | What are Osteichthyes? | Bony fish. | 18 | |
| 1421274153 | How do the two main groups of Osteichthyes differ? | Class Actinopterygii - ray-finned fish Class Sarcopterygii - lobe/fleshy-finned fish | 19 | |
| 1421274154 | To what group of fish do most species belong to? | Teleostei. | 20 | |
| 1421274155 | What is an endemic NZ freshwater fish? | Whitebait. | 21 | |
| 1421274156 | What is the juvenile stage of many NZ freshwater fish called? | Young fry. | 22 | |
| 1421274157 | What is the scientific name of what kids call cockabullies? | Forsterygion nigripenne. | 23 | |
| 1421274158 | What has become of the pharynx in bony fish? | Operculum covering gills. | 24 | |
| 1421274159 | What kind of tail do ray-finned fish have and why is it an advantage? | Homoceral, focused muscles faster and more movements. | 25 | |
| 1421274160 | What is the lateral line used for? | Motion detection. | 26 | |
| 1421274161 | From what is the swim bladder believed to have evolved? | Primitive lung. | 27 | |
| 1421274162 | From what were lungs believed to have evolved? | Simple sacs from gut. | 28 | |
| 1421274163 | How do sharks prevent themselves from sinking? | By swimming. | 29 | |
| 1421274164 | What are the advantages of rays in the fins of Actinopterygii? | Complex and precise swimming. | 30 | |
| 1421274165 | What fins does Nemo use to control pitch? | Pectoral and pelvic. | 31 | |
| 1421274166 | If Nemo wishes to swim up to see Dory what does he do with his swim bladder? | Relax, expand, decrease density, float. | 32 | |
| 1421274167 | What happens to deep sea fish when they are raised to the surface, why? | They die, decrease in P increases V of gases, expand swim bladder, expel guts. | 33 | |
| 1421274168 | Give an example of a lobe-finned fish. | Subclass Actinista, Order Coelacanthiformes, Family Latimeriidae, Genus Latimeria, 2 Species menadoensis and chalumnae. Thought to be extinct. or Subclass Dipnoi (lungfish) | 34 | |
| 1421274169 | What organism are lobe-finned fish postulated to have evolved into? | Tetrapods. | 35 |