AP Bio Ch 1-7 Flashcards

221283095	hydrolysis	disassemble polymers to monomers by adding water molecules	1
221283096	carbohydrates	sugars and polymers of sugars	2
221283097	asymmetric carbon	carbon attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms	3
221283098	glycosidic linkage	covalent bond formed between two monosac by dehydration reaction	4
221283099	starch	how plants stock glucose	5
221283100	where is glycogen mainly stored	liver and muscle cells	6
221283101	storage polysaccharides	glycogen and starch	7
221283102	structural polysac	cellulose	8
221283103	cellulose structure	the different glycosidic linkages in cellulose make it straight. it never branches	9
221283104	how is cellulose grouped in plant cell walls	tightly into units called microfibrils	10
221283105	one trait that all lipids share:	do not mix well with water	11
221283106	what explains lipids hydrophobic behaviour?	hydrocarbon regions. the nonpolar C-H bond	12
221283107	types of lipids	fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes	13
221283108	what are fats made up of	glycerol and fatty acids	14
221283109	glycerol	alcohol with three carbons each bearing a hydroxyl group	15
221283110	fatty acid	long carbon skeleton	16
221283111	why do fats separate from water?	water molecules hydrogen bond to one another and exclude the fats	17
221283112	in making a fat, what is formed	ester linkage	18
221283113	what is ester linkage	bond between hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group	19
221283114	how do you make a fat	three fatty acids + 1 glycerol	20
221283115	triacylglycerol	3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol	21
221340321	unsaturated	cid double bond kinks. liquid at room temperature.	22
221340322	how does a phospholipid differ from a fat molecules	phospho has 2 fatty acids	23
221340323	steroids	lipids characerised by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings	24
221340324	type of steroid	cholesterol	25
221340325	cholesterol	common component of animal cell membranes	26
221340326	where is cholesterol synthesised	liver	27
221340327	what is synthesised from cholesterol	sex hormones	28
221340328	enzymatic proteins	selective acceleration of chemical reactions	29
221340329	structural proteins	support	30
221340330	storage protein	storage of amino acids	31
221340331	transport proteins	transport of other substances	32
221340332	hormonal proteins	coordination of organisms activities	33
221340333	receptor proteins	response of cell to chemical stimuli	34
221340334	contractile and motor proteins	movement	35
221340335	defensive proteins	protection against disease	36
221340336	what do enzymatic proteins do	regulate metabolism by acting as catalysts	37
221340337	polypeptides	polymers of amino acids	38
221340338	peptide bond	bond between two amino acids	39
221340339	function of a protein depends on	ability to recognise and bind to some other molecule	40
221679851	HDL	high density lipoprotein	41
221679852	what does HDL do	moves cholesterol from tissues to liver where it is then converted to bile salts to aid digestion of dietary fats than can be eliminated from liver	42
221679853	LDL	low density lipoprotein	43
221679854	what does LDL do	travels from liver to tissues, clogs the blood vessels	44
221725837	glycerophospholipid	diester that contains glycerol, 2 nonpolar fatty acids tails and polar head	45
221725838	is protein polar/nonpolar	nonpolar	46
223060461	brightfield unstained	passes light directly through specimen	47
223060462	fluorescent microscopy	shows locations of specific molecules in the cell	48
223060463	phase contrast	enhances contrast in unstained cells. useful for looking at living, unpigmented cells	49
223060464	differential interference contrast	exaggerate differences in density	50
223060465	confocal	lasers and special optics to image regions with narrow depth and focus. used with fluorescent specimens	51