Test 2 American Pageant ch 6-8 Flashcards

US history from American Pageant and American Spirit

1720609399	Lexington and Concord	April 1775, King George set Gage to put down the rebellion in the colony, his job is to arrest the rebel leaders and put royal leaders back in charge, no Paul Revere's ride, leaders are warned so that they can escape and they go and prepare our new government, minutemen are called to arm, no one knows who fired the first shot at Lexington, known as the "shot hear around the world" (the shot heard round the world was the start of the revolution!!!) American Revolution begins	0
1720609400	Battle of Bunker Hill	June 1775, first formal battle of the American Revolution, Britain suffers most losses- 40% dead, Americans have low ammunition so they do not fire until they can see the whites of the British eyes; General Prescott and Howe	1
1720609401	Valley Forge	January 1777, Pennsylvania, harsh winter, no food, no supplies, no uniforms, no shoes, frost bitten and pneumonia; make or break troops o Von Steuben- German, and Nathanial Greene • Made the soldiers into good soldiers	2
1720609402	Battle of Trenton	surprised Hessians, who were supposed to join British at Yorktown; crossed Delaware	3
1720609403	Battle of Saratoga	October 1777, TURNING POINT OF THE WAR, America wins and France and Spain are on our side now o Spain helps because they have land near America o France wants to gain back things after losing things in the previous war	4
1720609404	Battle at Yorktown	October 1781, America defeats Cornwallis, Washington comes by land and the French come by sea so Cornwallis surrenders	5
1720609405	Treaty of Paris	signed on September 1783 and officially ended the war, Ben Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams all go to negotiate • America's borders: Miss. R., Great Lakes, and Florida • America's independence • Paid debt back to Britain	6
1720609406	Treaty of Fort Stanwix	• Pro-British Iroquois were forced to sign it and gave up much of their land • 1st treaty between US and Indians	7
1720609407	Sugar Act	the first law ever passed by Parliament to raise tax revenue in the colonies for the crown, it increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies	8
1720609408	Quartering Act	required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops	9
1720609409	Stamp Act	imposed to raise revenues to support the new military force, mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of tax, stamps were required on bills of sale for about fifty trade items as well as on certain types of commercial and legal documents	10
1720609410	Tea Act	Britain makes monopoly with tea, tea is only being traded with West Indies and Britain, tax on tea, Boston Tea Party- colonist dump 342 chests of tea in the harbor	11
1720609411	Intolerable Acts	Port Act, Administration of Justice Act, Massachusetts Government Act, and the Quartering Act	12
1720609412	Port Act	closed the port and let no ships come in or out until all the tea dumped is the harbor was paid for	13
1720609413	Administration of Justice Act	if a governor got in trouble they went to Britain for trials and did not really get punished	14
1720609414	Massachusetts Government Act	increased governors' power, decreased assembly power	15
1720609415	Townshend Acts	tax on glass, paint, and tea, starts in 1768, Britain set up tax collection agency in Boston (massacre, tea party, etc.), colonists boycott this act leading to the Boston Massacre where five people died, this act is then repealed and replaced with tea act	16
1720609416	Declaratory Act	reaffirmed Parliament's right to "bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever," they claimed they had absolute and unqualified sovereignty over its North American colonies	17
1720609417	Quebec Act	passed in 1774, French were guaranteed their Catholic religion and permitted to retain many of their old customs and institutions, the old boundaries of the province of Quebec were nor extended southward all the way to the Ohio River	18
1720609418	Molasses Act	British West Indies attempt to end NA trade with French West Indies to damage their international trade and standard of living. Americans smuggled and bribed, resulting in revolt	19
1720609419	Mercantilism	the British embraced it which they believe justified their control over the colonies, believed that wealth was power and that a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury	20
1720609420	Strengths of British	o professional army of fifty thousand men o hired thirty thousand Germans (Hessians), Indians, and Loyalists in America	21
1720609421	Weaknesses of British	British troops were busy in Ireland; France was waiting to attack Britain because France had just lost; Only leader was George III who was stubborn, a lot of British did not want to kill their American relatives, people were scared that if they won George III might become tyrannical, general were second rate, soldiers were brutally treated; provisions were scarce, rancid, and wormy; operating 3,000 miles away from its home base; delays in orders since they had to cross the sea; America was huge	22
1720609422	Strengths of America	o huge land mass o outstanding leadership (Washington, Franklin, etc.) o open foreign aid (France) o fighting defensively o the colonies were self sustaining o moral advantage, belief in a just cause	23
1720609423	Weaknesses of America	untrained militia, badly organized for war, lacking unity, uncoordinated, no constitution until the very end, jealousy in the colonies, economic difficulties, inflation of currency	24
1720609424	Cause of American Revolution	British abused their power in America though their leaders and numerous acts limiting America's freedom	25
1720609425	Sons of Liberty	led by Sam Adams, because of this they bully loyal officials in colonies, force stamp Act agents to resign, begin boycott, they tell colonies about the boycott by the Committees of Correspondence (an organization first started by Sam Adams but made in other colonies as well which spread the spirit of resistance by exchanging letters and keeping the opposition to British policy alive), the Stamp Act is repealed in 1766, break between America and Britain has already started	26
1720609426	Daughters of Liberty	said "Liberty, Property, and No Stamps,"	27
1720609427	Committees of Correspondence	started by Sam Adams; chief function was to spread the spirit of resistance by exchanging letters and thus keep alive opposition to British policy. Intercolonial committees were then set up starting in VA with the House of Burgesses. Soon, every colony had a central committee through which it could exchange ideas and info. With other colonies. This evolved directly into the American Congress.	28
1720609428	First Continental Congress	all colonies, except Georgia; John Adams, Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee vote to see if America is ready for independence and fails by one vote; Met in Philadelphia; American's response to the Intolerable Acts; John Adams persuaded revolution; wrote a Declaration of Rights and appeals to British American colonies, the king, and British people; created the Association which called for a complete boycott of English goods; the Association was the closet thing to a written constitution.	29
1720609429	Colonel Tye	Most famous black British colonel; Black Brigade, NY and NJ; winning until he was shot in the wrist and got tetanus	30
1720609430	Prince Hall	Boston black; sold to American troops by owner after Boston Massacre; Battle of Bunker Hill, and opened up the first black lodge for free masons; Supporter of education	31
1720609431	Agrippa Hull	Free man and joined on own free will; Was 18 when he joined; Fought with GW in every major battle; GW signed his discharge paper; bought land in Massachusetts; Every year, he added acreage to land; by the time he died, he was the largest black land owner in the colony; Last surviving Revolutionary veteran	32
1720609432	Molly Pitcher	Mary Hayes; gave soldiers water, took her husband's job when he was killed	33
1720609433	Betty Zane	Gave soldiers gunpowder	34
1720609434	Deborah Simpson	Pulled a Mulan	35
1720609435	Patience Wright	Put spy information inside sculptures, which would be smashed by Patriots	36
1720609436	Proclamation of 1763	forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains; caused first major revolt	37
1720609437	William Pitt	leader in the London government, "Organizer of Victory"; he led and won a war against Quebec.	38
1720609438	James Wolfe	British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada.	39
1720609439	Edward Braddock	British commander during the French and Indian War who attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755.	40
1720609440	Pontiac	Indian Chief; led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763; his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763.	41
1720609441	Samuel de Champlain	French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec.	42
1720609442	The Association	A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods.	43
1720609443	Baron von Steuben	Prussian drillmaster that taught American soldiers during the Revolutionary War how to successfully fight the British.	44
1720609444	Lord North	prime minister in the 1770's; his rule fell, which therefore ended the rule of George III for a short while.	45
1720609445	George Grenville	British Prime Minister from 1763-1765. To obtain funds for Britain after the costly 7-Years War, in he ordered the Navy to enforce the Navigation Laws, and Parliament to pass the Sugar Act. He brought about the Quartering Act.	46
1720609446	Sam Adams	"Penman of the Revolution;" organized the local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts, starting with Boston in 1772.	47
1720609447	Charles Townshend	Control of the British ministry and was nicknamed "Champagne Charley" for his brilliant speeches in Parliament while drunk. He persuaded Parliament in 1767 to pass the Townshend Acts.	48
1720609448	John Adams	Second president of the US; attended the Continental Congress in 1774 as a delegate from Georgia.	49
1720609449	John Hancock	"King of the Smugglers" ; He was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant who persuaded the American colonies to declare their independence. He was the ring leader in the plot to store gunpowder which resulted in the battles in Lexington and Concord.	50
1720609450	Declaration of Independence	Approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776; sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority.	51
1720609451	Thomas Jefferson	member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the Declaration of Independence, was ambassador to France, and was the President of the United States of America; bought Louisiana.	52
1720609452	Marquis de Lafayette	French nobleman, nicknamed "French Gamecock", made major general of colonial army.	53
1720609453	Admiral de Grasse	Operated a powerful French fleet in the West Indies, joined Americans in an assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown.	54
1720609454	Patrick Henry	Supporting a break from Great Britain, he is famous for the words, "give me liberty, or give me death!"	55
1720609455	Comte de Rochambeau	Commanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops.	56
1720609456	George Rogers Clark	Frontiersman; gave the region north of the Ohio River to the United States.	57
1720609457	Richard Henry Lee	Member of the Philadelphia Congress. On June 7, 1776 he declared, "These United colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states."	58
1720609458	Charles Cornwallis	British general who fought in the Seven Years War, was elected to the House of Commons in 1760, and lost battles to George Washington on December 26, 1776 and on January 3, 1777.	59
1720609459	Nathanael Greene	Cleared Georgia and South Carolina of British troops.	60
1720609460	Benedict Arnold	American General during the Revolutionary War; he prevented the British from reaching Ticonderoga; he tried to help the British take West Point and the Hudson River.	61
1720609461	John Burgoyne	British general given charge of the army, and he surrendered at Saratoga.	62
1720609462	George Washington	Commander in Chief of Continental Army; first US president	63
1720609463	William Howe	English General who commanded the English forces at Bunker Hill.	64
1720609464	King William's War	war between French trappers, British, and Indian allies; colonial war of War of the League of Augsburg in Europe	65
1720609465	Queen Anne's War	2nd war between English and French in North, English and Spanish in Florida	66
1720609466	War of Jenkin's Ear	clash between Britain and Spain in Georgia and Caribbean	67
1720609467	King George's War	North American War of Austrian Succession; British against French in North	68
1720609468	Battle of Quebec	British victory over French; end of French rule in North America	69
1720609469	Pontiac's Uprising	uprising led by Ottawa chief to drive British out of Ohio Country; British won by giving Indians blankets with smallpox	70
1720609470	Crispus Attucks	One of the first to die in Boston Massacre; mulatto and leader of the mob	71
1720609471	Thomas Hutchinson	Massachusetts governor whose home was destroyed; agreed tax on tea was unjust; ordered tea ships not to leave harbor until cargo was unloaded	72
1720609472	Lord Dunmore	governor of Virginia; promised freedom to blacks that joined British army	73
1720609473	Second Continental Congress	Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies; drafted Declaration of Independence	74
1720609474	Battle of Long Island	battle for control of NY; Britain retained control of city for most of the war	75
1720609475	Ethan Allen	captured Fort Ticonderoga and Crown Point	76
1720609476	Richard Montgomery	formerly in British army; captured Montreal	77
1720609477	Ben Franklin	adored French diplomat	78
1720609478	Joseph Brant	Mohawk chief; British ally	79
1720609479	Nathan Hale	American spy; I regret I have but 1 life to give for my country.	80
1720609480	Alexander Hamilton	economy and finance; 1st bank; secretary of treasury; free market economy; dies in a duel	81
1720609481	John Jay	author of "The Federalist Papers;" 1st Supreme Court Justice; Secretary of State under Washington; Treaty for War of 1812	82
1720609482	James Madison	Father of the Constitution; Federalist Papers; Secretary of state under Jefferson; 4th President	83
1720609483	G. Mason	Boston Tea Party; boycott all British goods; "Virginia Declaration of Rights" led to Bill of Rights	84
1720609484	Anti-Federalists	Jefferson, state and individual rights, frontier/south and common man, Bill of Rights	85
1720609485	Federalists	Pro-federal government, wealthy in North, more say in government, Hamilton and John Adams	86
1720609486	Albany Congress	conference from June 19 through July 11, 1754 in New York; it advocated a union of the British colonies for defense against French to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. 150 representatives of tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause.	87