Chapter 3 - AP Biology (Campbell/Reece Biology, Eighth Edition) Flashcards
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| 1290768629 | Polar Molecule | A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on different ends of the molecule. | 1 | |
| 1290768630 | Cohesion | The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. | 2 | |
| 1290768631 | Adhesion | The attraction between different kinds of molecules. | 3 | |
| 1290768632 | Surface Tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high _______ _______ because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules. | 4 | |
| 1290768633 | Kinetic Energy | The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter. | 5 | |
| 1290768634 | Heat | The total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also called thermal energy. ____ is energy in its most random form. | 6 | |
| 1290768635 | Temperature | A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules. | 7 | |
| 1290768636 | Celsius Scale | A temperature scale equal to (5/9)(°F - 32) that measure the freezing point of water at 0 and the boiling point of water at 100. | 8 | |
| 1290768637 | Calorie (cal) | The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The ______ (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilo_______. | 9 | |
| 1290768638 | Kilocalorie (kcal) | A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. | 10 | |
| 1290768639 | Joule (J) | A unit of energy. | 11 | |
| 1290768640 | Specific Heat | The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C. | 12 | |
| 1290768641 | Heat of Vaporization | The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state. | 13 | |
| 1290768642 | Evaporative Cooling | The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a change of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy from the liquid to the gaseous state. | 14 | |
| 1290768643 | Solution | A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. | 15 | |
| 1290768644 | Solvent | The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile _______ known. | 16 | |
| 1290768645 | Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution. | 17 | |
| 1290768646 | Aqueous Solution | A solution in which water is the solvent. | 18 | |
| 1290768647 | Hydration Shell | The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion. | 19 | |
| 1290768648 | Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water. | 20 | |
| 1290768649 | Colloid | A mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended rather than dissolved in that liquid. | 21 | |
| 1290768650 | Hydrophobic | Having an aversion to water; tending to a coalesce and form droplets in water. | 22 | |
| 1290768651 | Molecular Mass | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight. | 23 | |
| 1290768652 | Mole (mol) | The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules. | 24 | |
| 1290768653 | Molarity | A common measure of solute concentration, reffering to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. | 25 | |
| 1290768654 | Hydrogen Ion | A single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of a water molecule (H₂O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺). | 26 | |
| 1290768655 | Hydroxide Ion | A water molecule that has lost a proton; OH⁻. | 27 | |
| 1290768656 | Hydronium Ion | A water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it; H₃O⁺. | 28 | |
| 1290768657 | Acid | A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. | 29 | |
| 1290768658 | Base | A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. | 30 | |
| 1290768659 | pH | A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log[H⁺] and ranging in value from 0 to 14. | 31 | |
| 1290768660 | Buffer | A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. | 32 | |
| 1290768661 | Acid Precipitation | Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2. | 33 |