AP Biology Ch. 2 (Campbell) Flashcards

94174477	atom	the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element	0
94174478	atomic mass	the total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom	1
94174479	atomic number	the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol	2
94174480	covalent bond	a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons	3
94174481	electron	a subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.	4
94174482	electronegativity	the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond	5
94174483	hydrogen bond	a type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.	6
94174484	ionic bond	a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions	7
94174485	isotope	one of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass	8
94174486	mass number	the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus	9
94174487	neutron	a subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), with a mass of about 1.7 x 10-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom.	10
94174488	nonpolar covalent bond	a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity	11
94174489	polar covalent bond	a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.	12
94174490	proton	a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7 x 10-24 g, found in the nucleus of an atom	13
94174491	radioactive isotope	an isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy	14
94174492	Trace element	an element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts	15
94174493	valence electron	an electron in the outermost electron shell	16
94174494	valence shell	the outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom	17
94174495	van der Waals interactions	weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations	18