Myers Exploring Psychology Chapter 6 Flashcards

Keywords Chapter 6 6th edition

840318083	selective attention	the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect	1
840318084	circadian rhythm	the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.	2
840318085	REM sleep	rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.	3
840318086	alpha waves	the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.	4
840318087	sleep	periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.) (Myers Psychology 8e p. 277)	5
840318088	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus	6
840318089	delta waves	the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep	7
840318090	consciousness	our awareness of ourselves and our environment	8
840318091	insomnia	recurring problems in falling or staying asleep	9
840318092	nacrolepsy	A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times	10
840318093	sleep apnea	a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings	11
840318094	night terrors	a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered	12
840318095	dream	a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.	13
840318096	manifest content	According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).	14
840318097	latent content	according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 287)	15
840318098	REM rebound	the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)	16
840318099	hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.	17
840318100	posthypnotic amnesia	supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion	18
840318101	posthypnotic suggestion	a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.	19
840318102	dissociation	a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others	20
840318103	hidden observer	Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis	21
840318104	psychoactive drug	a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood	22
840318105	tolerance	the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect	23
840318106	withdrawal	the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug	24
840318107	physical dependence	A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.	25
840318108	psychological dependence	a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions	26
840318109	opiates	opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.	27
840318110	stimulants	drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.	28
840318111	amphetamines	drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes	29
840318112	Ecstasy (MDMA)	a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health isks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition	30
840318113	hallucinogens	psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input	31
840318114	LSD	A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).	32
840318115	near-death experience	an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations	33
840318116	THC	The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.	34
840318117	depressants	drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.	35
840318118	barbiturates	drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment	36