cells Flashcards

111601447	Photosynthesis	The chemical process where plants use the sun's energy to produce sugars (food).	0
111601448	Cell Membrane	a thin, phospholipid bilayer, membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell.	1
111601449	Eukaryote	A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.	2
111601450	Nucleolus	structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made.	3
111601451	Endoplasmic reticulum	a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.	4
111601452	Chloroplast	organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place.	5
111601453	Selective permeability	a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out.	6
111601454	Passive Transport	The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy.	7
111601455	Autotroph	an organism that makes its own food.	8
111601456	Cellular Respiration	the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.	9
111601457	Interphase	The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs; during this stage, the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide.	10
111601458	Anaphase	The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle (third step).	11
111601459	Cell	The basic unit of structure and function in living things.	12
111601460	Nucleus	The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell.	13
111601461	Organelle	Membrane bound structure inside a cell that performs a specific function.	14
111601462	Microtubule	Thin, hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells.	15
111601463	Golgi Appartus	Organelle that packages and distrubutes molecules produced by the eurokaryotic cell.	16
111601464	Mitochondrion	An organelle that is the main site of energy conversion through cellular respiration.	17
111601465	Osmosis	Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration.	18
111601466	Tissue	Group of similar cells that work together to do one job.	19
111601467	Heterotroph	Organism that obtains food by eating other organisms.	20
111601468	Anaerobic	Process that does not require oxygen.	21
111601469	Telophase	The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes.	22
111601470	Cytokinesis	Division of the cytoplasm during cell division.	23
111601471	Cell Theory	States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.	24
111601472	Cytoplasm	A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.	25
111601473	Chromatin	Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins.	26
111601474	Microfilament	Solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape.	27
111601475	Lysosome	A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.	28
111601476	Concentration	A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.	29
111601477	Facilitated Diffusion	When substances transport across cell membranes using protein carrier molecules.	30
111601478	Organ	a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body.	31
111601479	Chlorophyll	green pigment in the ch that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis.	32
111601480	Aerobic	Process that requires oxygen.	33
111601481	Prophase	The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense, the spindle is formed, and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles.	34
111601482	Cell Wall	Strong outermost layer around the cell membrane of ONLY plants and some bacteria.	35
111601483	Prokaryote	A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles	36
111601484	Chromosome	A coiled structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.	37
111601485	Ribosome	A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.	38
111601486	Vacuole	A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area.	39
111601487	Diffusion	Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.	40
111601488	Active Transport	The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.	41
111601489	Organ System	A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.	42
111601490	Stoma	Opening in the underside of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf.	43
111601491	Mitosis	The process of cell division in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei.	44
111601492	Metaphase	The stage of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator.	45