Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy Flashcards

1765279174	Samuel Slater	Was a textile worker in England; He memorized the plans of the factory in England and implemented them on his factory for spinning thread at Pawtucket, RI; He's known as the "Father of the Factory System".	0
1765279343	Cyrus McCormick	He invented the mechanical mower-reaper that is used to harvest grains such as wheat.	1
1765281133	Eli Whitney	He invented the cotton gin; He also created the idea of "interchangeable parts" where machine-made components of anything could simply be swapped out if one broke.	2
1765282153	Robert Fulton	He is credited with building the first steamboat, the Clermont.	3
1765282793	Samuel F.B. Morse	He invented the telegraph which provided nearly instant communication; The first words on his "talking wire" were "What hath God wrought?"	4
1765283095	DeWitt Clinton	Governor of New York who began the Erie Canal project and built it using only state money.	5
1765283304	Catharine Beecher	She was the leading proponent who pushed for women to enter teaching.	6
1765283622	Industrial Revolution	This began in England when machines and factories began to replace handmade products; America had the resources to become an industrial powerhouse (cheap land, workers, raw materials, and consumers), but it struggled to compete with British in manufacturing.	7
1765283800	Limited Liability	Allowed that if a company were to go south, an investor would only lose what he/she'd invested (not everything they owned); Overall, promoted the idea of investing.	8
1765284074	Transportation Revolution	Wanted to link the West with the rest of the nation; Roads, canals, and steamboats linked the nation; South was largely left to use its rivers	9
1765284162	Nativism	The idea that those born in America were opposed to immigrants; People who believed in this idea complained that immigrants were uneducated, poor, from non-democratic backgrounds, Catholic, and willing to work for next to nothing.	10
1765285317	Cotton Gin	An invention by Eli Whitney which separate the cotton fiber from the seed; The machine was 50 times more efficient than using hands; Caused south to expand cotton-producing land and increase its desire for slaves; Caused North to expand its factories	11
1765285677	Clermont	The first steamboat that was built by Robert Fulton; Invention was claimed to radically change the transportation structure by making rivers two-way instead of one-way	12
1765285762	Clipper Ships	Boats which were used to haul cargo to foreign nations (notably China); These boats were long, sleek, and very fast.	13
1765286594	Pony Express	A method of transportation that carried mail from Missouri to California (2,000 miles) in 10 days; Lasted 2 years before being replaced by trans-continental telegraph wire which gave instant communication.	14
1765286854	Commonwealth v. Hunt	A Massachusetts Supreme Court case which ultimately legalized labor unions.	15
1765287154	Order of the Star Spangled Banner	Better known as the "Know-Nothings"; They were called this since they'd answer any inquiry with, "I know nothing"; Fed off of fear and sensational stories; Violence also flared up, usually directed at the Irish Catholics; They were attacking the idea of a "melting pot".	16
1765556577	Carl Schurz	A lanky, public-spirited, and zealous German liberal; A relentless foe of slavery and public corruption, contributed richly to the elevation of American political life.	17
1765556997	Cult of Domesticity	Belief in Middle and Upper Classes in US and Britain ; Women embodied perfect virtues in all senses.	18
1765557559	Boston Associates	An investment capital company formed by fifteen Boston families; Eventually dominated the textile, railroad, insurance, and banking business of MA.	19
1765558871	Ancient Order of Hibernians	Semisecret Irish society that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America.	20
1765560501	"Molly Maguires"	A shadowy Irish miners' union that rocked the Pennsylvania coal districts in the 1860s and 1870s	21
1765561139	General Incorporation Law	Laws of "free incorporation,'' first passed in New York in 1848, meant that businessmen could create corporations without applying for individual charters from the legislature."	22
1765561428	Tammany Hall	Most notorious political machine; NY city; Marcy Tweed also know as Boss Tweed became head in 1863.	23
1765561975	Sewing Machine	A machine that could make two hundred and fifty stitches a minute, five times what the swiftest hand sewer could do.	24