AP World History Chapter 7 Flashcards

1611525409	dhow	a lateen-rigged sailing vessel used by Arabs	0
1611525410	Al-Mahdi	Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession	1
1611525411	Harun al-Rashid	Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession	2
1611525412	Emissaries	a representative sent on a mission or errand	3
1611525413	The Thousand and One Nights	collectiion of Arab, Indian and Persian Stories	4
1611525414	Al- Ma'mun	The son of Harun al-Rashid and a Caliphate; founded astronomical observatory and a foundation for translating classical Greek works, established House of Wisdom.	5
1611525415	Mercenary	a professional soldier hired by a foreign army	6
1611525416	Harem	The living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household which first developed in the Abbasid Caliphate. Along with the veil it became a symbol of women's increasing subjugation durring this period.	7
1611525417	Concubine	woman who lives with a man without being legally married to him	8
1611525418	Eunuch	a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction	9
1611525419	Buyid	945 regional splinter dynasty from Persia that conquered the Abbasid Caliphate and captured Baghdad. The leader was a Shi'ite Buyid. Took on title of sultan and ruled until 1055.	10
1611525420	Seljuk Turks	Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia who conquered Baghdad in 1055; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century	11
1611525421	Crusades	A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	12
1611525422	Saladin	(1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem. United all Muslims	13
1611525423	Taffeta	a lustrous, stiff fabric, often used for women's dresses, especially formal wear	14
1611525424	Muslim	a believer or follower of Islam	15
1611525425	muslin	plain-woven cotton fabric	16
1611525426	Damask	a fabric of linen or cotton or silk or wool with a reversible pattern woven into it	17
1611525427	Tapestry	a wall hanging of heavy handwoven fabric with pictorial designs	18
1611525428	Omar Khayyam	Persian poet, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher; author of The Rubaiyat, a collection of poems about a man who celebrates the simple pleasures in life	19
1611525429	Firdawsi	A great poet who wrote the epic Shah Nama which is a prodigious collection of tales and anecdotes during the early 11th century.	20
1611525430	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)	21
1611525431	Al-Ghazali	Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama	22
1611525432	Sufi	The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah.	23
1611525433	Mongols	People from Central Asia when united under Genghis Khan ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.	24
1611525434	Hulegu	(1217 - 1265) Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257.	25
1611525435	Chinggis Khan	Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.	26
1611525436	Harappa	A large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan	27
1611525437	Gupta	Indian dynasty (320-550 C.E.) that briefly reunited India after the collapse of the earlier Mauryan dynasty.	28
1611525438	Subcontinent	a large landmass that juts out from a continent	29
1611525439	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	30
1611525440	Caste system	A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life	31
1611525441	Hierarchy	a group or system in which positions of power are ranked, usually from lowest to highest	32
1611525442	Muhammad ibn-Qasim	Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad Empire	33
1611525443	Brahman	The eternal essence of reality and the source of the universe, beyond the reach of human perception and thought in Hinduism	34
1611525444	Rajas	Term used in India for kings or princes	35
1611525445	Mahmud of Ghanzi	leader of the Turks in Afghanistan, turned his attention to the rich land of the Indian subcontinent. Most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty and ruled from 997-1030, first ruler to carry the title of Sultan. More focused on wealth than conquering and ruling India.	36
1611525446	Muhammad of Ghur	Persian military commander who ruled a small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley, Sind, and northwestern India under his control.	37
1611525447	Qutb-ud-din Aibak	Lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in India with capital at Delhi; proclaimed himself Sultan of India	38
1611525448	Sultan	military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country	39
1611525449	Sati	Hindu custom that called for a wife to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral pyre	40
1611525450	Bhaktic cults	Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses—especially Shiva, Vishnu, and Kali.	41
1611525451	Mira Bai	Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women	42
1611525452	Shrivijaya	Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion.	43
1611525453	Malacca	Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca	44
1611525454	Kabir	Muslim mystic during 15th century; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam	45
1611525455	Arabic numerals	A written number system created during the Gupta golden age in India, then adopted by the Islamic Empire before spreading further. Used throughout western civilization today.	46