U.S. History Chapters 10-12 Flashcards

573431504	13th amendment	• Passed in 1865 • Slavery outlawed in U.S.	0
573431505	14th amendment	• Guaranteed equality for all citizens	1
573431506	15th amendment	• Passed in 1869 • Forbidding any state from denying suffrage	2
573431507	1876 election	• pitted Ohio Republican Rutherford B. Hayes against New York Democrat Samuel Tilden	3
573431508	Anaconda Plan	• 1861: Devised by General Winfield Scott • Starve South by blockading seaports & controlling the MS River • Union forces drive southward along MS --> split Confederacy in 2	4
573431509	Appomattox Court House	• Town where Lee & his starving soldiers were trapped in • Lee surrenders to Grant there	5
573431510	Battle of Antietam	• 1862: bloodiest single day of the Civil War • Lee retreated to Virginia • Union losses exceeded Confederate losses • This gave Lincoln what he needed to draft emancipation • Killed/wounded 23,000 troops	6
573431511	Battle of Bull Run	• July 1861 • General Scott sent General Ivan McDowell & more than 30,000 Union troops to do battle with Confederate forces waiting outside Washington • In Manassas, Virginia • Proved a shock to those who had hoped the war would end quickly	7
573431512	Battle of Gettysburg	• Allowed General Meade to bring up rest of his army & strengthen Union position • 50,000 dead & wounded	8
573431513	Battle of Vicksburg	• military tactics in which an army surrounds, bombards, & cuts of all supplies to an enemy position in order to force its surrender • May 22, 1863: Grant placed this under siege • This weakened the defenders out of it & led to surrender to the Union/split the states in half	9
573431514	Black Codes	• Rights of AA's & keep them as landless workers	10
573431515	Carpetbaggers	• Newcomers into the South	11
573431516	Civil Rights Act of 1866	• Grants citizenship to AA's & outlaws black nodes	12
573431517	Compromise of 1850	• Another effort to ward off division • Based on Henry Clay's proposal of an agreement between North and South • CA entered as a free state • Slavery issue was decided in the UT & NM by popular sovereignty • Slave trade ended in D.C. but not slavery	13
573431518	Compromise of 1877	• Congress charged with mediating voting crisis • Created commission of 5 senators, 5 representatives, and 5 Supreme Court Justices • Hayes was elected president  Federal troops are withdrawn from the South.  Hayes agrees to appoint the federal government/cabinet  Guaranteed federal subsidies to build railroads  Hayes agrees to be a 1 term president	14
573431519	Conscription	• Drafting of citizens into military service	15
573431520	Dred Scott decision	• U.S. Supreme court ruled in the case of Missouri slave - he was sued for his freedom • Predicted that the decision would actually hasten the end of slavery	16
573431521	Emancipation Proclamation	• Decree by Lincoln that freed slaves living on Confederate states still in rebellion • Drafted on Sept. 22, 2012 • Didn't apply to loyal border states or places already under Union Military Control	17
573431522	Enforcement Act	• Made in 1870-1871	18
573431523	• "KKK Act"	• Federal offense to interfere with a citizens right to vote	19
573431524	Freedman's Bureau	• Goal to provide food, clothing, healthcare, & education for black/white refugees in the South • Established a precedent that black citizens had legal rights	20
573431525	Ft. Sumter	• Federal fort located in Charleston, SC, where the first shots of Civil War were fired • Guarded the harbor at Charleston, SC • January 1861: President Buchanan tried to send troops/supplies to the fort, but the unarmed ship sailed away when Confederate guns were fired at • Lincoln had to decide whether to surrender or not by April • Food/supplies were needed at fort • Lincoln only sent food to fort --> Civil War starts	21
573431526	General Grant	• Union general that led troops • Won last battle of Richmond • Head of Union army	22
573431527	General Lee	• Surrendered to Grant in Richmond • Head of Confederate army	23
573431528	General Sherman	• Unleashes total war • Goals of Total War:  Break up the people's will to continue fighting  Destroy materials and crops that enemy forces might use  Destroy railroads & factors to damage local economy  Strike military & civilian targets • Union	24
573431529	Homestead Act	• 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years	25
573431530	Jefferson Davis	• President of Confederacy • Had strong leadership, but Confederacy lacked manpower & manufacturing capability to defeat the Union	26
573431531	John Wilkes Booth	• Assassinated Lincoln • Confederate supporter	27
573431532	Kansas-Nebraska Act	• Created potential for slavery in Kansas and Nebraska territories by allowing for popular sovereignty • Significance: bill overturned the MO Compromise & caused further division & led to the creation of Republican Party • Opened Kansas & Nebraska in several northern states that allowed slave catchers to be arrested for kidnapping	28
573431533	Ku Klux Klan (KKK)	• Roamed countryside burning homes, schools, and churches causing terror	29
573431534	Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan	• Three Major Issues of Reconstruction "How Will Southern States Rejoin the Union?" "How Will the Southern Economy be Rebuilt?" "What Rights Will African Americans Have?" • Ten Percent Plan - 10% of a state's voters took loyal oath of allegiance to the Union • Wanted to reunite the states and based his plan on forgiveness	30
573431535	President Grant	• 1868 - elected president • Democrat	31
573431536	President Johnson's impeachment	• Tenure of Office Act - limiting terms of president - violated it • Needed approval to remove certain officials from office • Radicals failed to win 2/3s of a majority necessary in the Senate to remove Johnson from office	32
573431537	President Johnson's Reconstruction	• Didn't want AA's to have rights • Black codes - limit the rights of AA's & keep them as landless workers	33
573431538	Radical Republicans	• Insisted that Confederates had committed a crime by enslaving Africans & entangling the nation in war • Advocated full citizenship for AA's • Favored punishment/harsh terms for South • Supported Sherman's plan to confiscate Confederates' land to give farms to freedmen • Leaders: Thaddeus Stevens & Senator Charles Sumner	34
573431539	Reconstruction Acts of 1867	• Divided 10 southern states into 5 military districts formed by Union generals	35
573431540	Scalawags	• White men who'd been locked out of pre-Civil War politics by wealthier neighbors	36
573431541	Sharecropping	• Land owner dictated the crop & provided with: • a place to live • seeds & tools • All in return for a "share" of the harvested crop	37
573431542	Siege	• Military tactic • An enemy cuts is surrounded & all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender	38
573431543	Stonewall	• Thomas J. Jackson • Confederates nicknamed their hero in honor of his refusal to yield to the Union armies	39
573431544	Uncle Tom's Cabin	• written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Antislavery novel • Spread compassion for North but infuriated South	40
573431545	The Confederate States of America	• States that succeeded from Union b/c North didn't submit to South's demands	41
573431546	Wade-Davis Bill	• Required that a majority of prewar voters in Confederate states swear loyalty to the Union before restoration could begin	42