Alberts' Essential Cell Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

914847033	Robert Hooke (1665)	English scientist who observed cork under a microscope. First to use the word "cell" in reference to biology.	1
914847034	Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)	Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to observe single-celled organisms, sperm cells, red blood cells, etc. Often called the father of microbiology.	2
914847035	Robert Brown (1833)	Scottish botanist who was the first to observe nucleus	3
914847036	Matthias Schleiden (1838)	German physiologist and histologist who observed that embryonic plants came from just one cell. Also helped formulate Cell Theory.	4
914847037	Theodor Schwann (1839)	German physiologist and histologist who formulated Cell Theory.	5
914847038	Louis Pasteur (1860)	French microbiologist who modified the Cell Theory to include that cells must come from pre-existing cells.	6
914847039	Cell Theory	All organisms have 1 or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of structure for all cells; all cells must come from pre-existing cells.	7
914847040	Light Microscope	(Wheat rust)	8
914847041	Fluorescence Microscopy	(Image of a neuron)	9
914847042	SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)	(Fruit fly)	10
914847043	TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)	(Section of a nerve)	11
914847044	Prokaryotes	Cells which do not contain a nucleus	12
914847045	Eukaryotes	Cells which contain a nucleus	13
914869291	Average size of cells	5-20 μm	14
914869292	Minimum resolution by naked eye	200 μm	15
914869293	Minimum resolvable by light microscope	200 nm	16
914869294	Minimum resolvable by electron microscope	0.2 nm	17
914884747	DNA	genetic information store	18
914884748	Symbiosis	the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent. As in when one benefits, so does the other, and vice-versa.	19
914884749	Endosymbiotic theory	The theory that several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as symbioses between separate single-celled organisms.	20
914884750	Mitochondria	Organelle that harnesses the energy from oxidation of food molecules to produce ATP	21
914884751	Aerobic organisms	Organisms that can use oxygen for cellular respiration.	22
914884752	Anaerobic organisms	Organisms that cannot live in oxygen-rich environments.	23
914884753	Chlorophyll	Green pigment in chloroplasts	24
914884754	Photosynthesis	the process of using the energy from sunlight to create energy-rich sugar molecules.	25
916287945	Chloroplasts	The primary organelle that takes place in photosynthesis	26
916287946	Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	site at which most cell membrane components and materials destined for export from the cell are made.	27
916287947	Golgi Apparatus	receives and/or modifies molecules made in ER before preparing them for excretion	28
916287948	Lysosomes	Where intracellular digestion occurs.	29
918324572	E. Coli	Model bacteria which contributed to DNA replication, gene transcription, translation	30
918324573	Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)	Minimal model eukaryote which contributed to the understanding of the cell cycle	31
918324574	Arabidopsis thaliana	Model plant to which all flowering plants are closely related	32
918324575	Drosophila melanogaster ("fruit fly")	Model animal which contributed to genetics development	33
918324576	C. elegans ("the worm")	first animal genome to be sequenced; location, lineage and fate of every cell in embryo, larva and adult is known	34
918324577	Mouse	Model mammal	35