Chapter 4 - World Civilizations: The Global Experience Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 985418524 | Polis | City-state form of government used in Greece 800 - 400 BCE | 1 | |
| 985418525 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young | 2 | |
| 985418526 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher; Alexander the Great's teacher; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world; 384 - 322 BCE | 3 | |
| 985418527 | Sophocles | Greek writer of tragedy Oedipus Rex; 494-406 BCE | 4 | |
| 985418528 | Iliad | Homer's Greek epic poem that defined god and human nature that shaped Greek myths | 5 | |
| 985418529 | Pericles | Athenian political leader during 5th century BCE; guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early Peloponnesian War | 6 | |
| 985418530 | Peloponnesian Wars | Wars between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; Spartan victory; no political unification of Greece; 431-404 BCE | 7 | |
| 985418531 | Cyrus the Great | By 550BCE, established huge Persian Empire; Mesopotamia's successor | 8 | |
| 985418532 | Zoroastrianism | Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"; Chief religion of Persian Empire | 9 | |
| 985418533 | Philip II of Macedon | Ruled from 359-336 BCE; founder of centralized kingdom Later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority | 10 | |
| 985418534 | Alexander the Great | Philip II's successor; successfully conquered Persian Empire prior to death in 323 BCE; tried to combine Greek and Persian culture | 11 | |
| 985418535 | Hellenistic Period | Culture associated with spread of Greek influence because of Macedonian conquests; seen as combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms | 12 | |
| 985418536 | Alexandria, Egypt | Founded and named after Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies | 13 | |
| 985418537 | Julius Caesar | Roman general, conquered Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 BCE by conservative senators | 14 | |
| 985418538 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who improved administration and tax collection; 284-305CE | 15 | |
| 985418539 | Constantine | Roman emperor that established second capital at Constantinople; tried to use Christianity to unite empire; 312-337CE | 16 | |
| 985418540 | Cicero | Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; killed in reaction to assassination of Julius Caesar | 17 | |
| 985418541 | Roman Republic | Rome had aristocratic Senate, magistrate panel, and popular assemblies; 510-47 BCE | 18 | |
| 985418542 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; early element of Roman constitution | 19 | |
| 985418543 | Twelve Tables | Roman law code developed in response to democracy of Roman republic; 450 BCE | 20 | |
| 985418544 | Carthage | Originally Phoenician colony in northern Africa; became major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean; fought Punic Wars with Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean. | 21 | |
| 985418545 | Punic Wars | Fought between Rome and Carthage to dominate western Mediterranean; won by Rome after three separate conflicts | 22 | |
| 985418546 | Hannibal | Great Carthaginian general during Second Punic War; successfully invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at Battle of Zama | 23 | |
| 985418547 | Augustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian after his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first Roman emperor | 24 | |
| 985418548 | Olympic games | One of the Pan-Hellenic ritual observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations | 25 | |
| 985418550 | Aristocracy | Form of government where the rich are given power | 26 | |
| 985418551 | Direct democracy | Where people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing representatives | 27 | |
| 985418552 | Stoics | Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of body and personal bravery | 28 | |
| 985418553 | Doric, Ionic, Corinthian | Distinct styles of Hellenistic architecture; Corinthian being most ornate, followed by Ionic and Doric | 29 | |
| 985655274 | Tyranny | Government based on rule of absolute power; cruel and oppressive | 30 |