Modern Chemistry - Holt Chapters 1-2 Flashcards

316256069	chemistry	study of composition, structure, and properties of matter; processes that matter undergoes; and energy changes that accompany these processes	0
316256077	basic research	increase knowledge, like finding the reason behind a chemical reaction	1
316256078	applied research	used to solve a problem	2
316256079	matter	anything that has mass and takes up space	3
316256080	mass	measure of the amount of matter in an object	4
316256081	atom	smallest unit of an element with the chemical identity of that element	5
316256082	element	pure substance made of only one type of atom; can't be broken into simpler substances	6
316256083	compound	made from chemically bonded atoms of 2 or more elements	7
316256084	extensive property	depends on amount of matter present	8
316256085	intensive property	doesn't depend on amount of matter present	9
316256086	physical property	can be found without changing the identity of the substance	10
316256087	chemical property	ability of a substance to change into a different substance	11
316256088	physical change	doesn't involve change in the identity of a substance	12
316256089	chemical change	chemical reaction; reactants are converted to products with completely different properties	13
316256090	change of state	physical change from one state to another	14
316256091	solid	definite volume and shape; particles packed together	15
316256092	liquid	definite volume and indefinite shape; particles flowing	16
316256093	gas	indefinite volume and shape; particles move quickly	17
316256094	plasma	high temperature; atoms lose most of their electrons	18
316256095	mixture	blend of types of matter that keep their own identity	19
316256096	homogeneous mixture	solution; uniform in composition	20
316256097	heterogeneous mixture	not uniform in composition	21
316256098	pure substance	all samples have the same properties and composition	22
316256099	periodic table	periodic chart	23
316256100	group (family)	column; elements with similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons	24
316256101	period	row; physical and chemical properties change regularly as you go across	25
316256102	metals	good conductors of heat and electricity; mostly solid at room temperature; malleable and ductile; shiny luster	26
316256103	nonmetals	poor conductors of heat and electricity; mostly gas at room temperature; brittle	27
316256104	metalloids	some characteristics of metals, others of nonmetals; all are solid at room temperature; semiconductor; semimalleable	28
316256105	noble gases	generally unreactive because they have all the valence electrons they need; group 18; gases at room temperature	29
316256106	qualitative	based on qualities	30
316256107	quantitative	based on numbers	31
316256108	SI units	international system of units	32
316256109	# of SI base units	7	33
316256110	measurement	data using quantities	34
316256111	SI unit for length	meter	35
316256112	SI unit for mass	kilogram	36
316256113	SI unit for time	second	37
316256114	SI unit for temperature	kelvin (celsius plus 273)	38
316256115	SI unit for amount of substance	mole	39
316256116	accuracy	closeness of measurements to accepted value of quantity	40
316256117	precision	closeness to set of measurements of same quantity made in same way	41
316256118	percentage error	(accepted value - experimental value)/(accepted value) *100	42
316256119	significant figures	all certain digits plus one uncertain digit	43
316256120	scientific notation	method of writing numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10	44
316256121	addition and subtraction with significant figures	round to least amount of decimal places	45
316256122	multiplication and division with significant figures	round to least amount of significant figures	46
316256123	conversion factor	relationship between units that express the same property	47