Enlightenment Flashcards
an lesson about enlightenment thinkers
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| 584085844 | francis bacon | developed the scientific method | 0 | |
| 584085845 | cesare baccaria | An Italian philosophe who tuned his thoughts to the justice system. He belived that laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes. He regularly criticized common abuses of justice. They included torturing of witnesses and suspects, irregular proceedings in trials, and punishments that were arbitrary or that tortureshould never be used. | 1 | |
| 584085846 | nicolaus copernicus | A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system. | 2 | |
| 584085847 | deism | the form of theological rationalism that states belief in a supreme being , who does not intervene in the universe: putting reason into religion | 3 | |
| 584085848 | descartes | French philosopher and mathematician: use of reason | 4 | |
| 584085849 | diderot | published the first encyclopedia | 5 | |
| 584085850 | galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 6 | |
| 584085851 | william harvey | described the circulation of blood to and from the heart and throughout the body | 7 | |
| 584085852 | heliocentric | based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe | 8 | |
| 584085853 | thomas hobbes | believed human life was solitary poor nasty brutish and short before organized life. Believed in absolute power was needed to preserve order in society | 9 | |
| 584085854 | inductive reasoning | reasoning from detailed facts to general principles | 10 | |
| 584085855 | johannes kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) | 11 | |
| 584085856 | laissez faire | the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs: adam smith | 12 | |
| 584085857 | john locke | believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience and learning | 13 | |
| 584085858 | montesquieu | French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers | 14 | |
| 584085859 | isaac newton | Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe. Universal laws of gravitation | 15 | |
| 584085860 | philosophe | french word for philosophers and were intellectuals of the 18th century enlightenment | 16 | |
| 584085861 | rationalism | a belief or theorey that opinions should be based on reasons rather than on religious beliefs: descartes | 17 | |
| 584085862 | rousseau | French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland: education encourages open mindedness | 18 | |
| 584085863 | scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses | 19 | |
| 584085864 | separation of powers | the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government | 20 | |
| 584085865 | adam smith | Economist who wrote Wealth of Nations; Laissez-Faire economics | 21 | |
| 584085866 | social contract | when a society agrees to be governed by its general will | 22 | |
| 584085867 | universal law of gravitation | states any 2 bodies attract to each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses | 23 | |
| 584085868 | vesalius | a Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy (1514-1564) | 24 | |
| 584085869 | voltaire | French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment. tried to use reason to explain religion | 25 | |
| 584085870 | john wesley | English clergyman and founder of Methodism (1703-1791) | 26 | |
| 584085871 | wollstonecraft | English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women thought men and women were equal | 27 |