AP US Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800 Flashcards

1216977367	census	an official count of population; in the United States, the federal census occurs every ten years	1
1216977368	public debt	the debt of a government or nation to individual creditors, also called the national debt	2
1216977369	cabinet	the body of official advisers to the head of a government; in the United States, it consists of the heads of the major executive departments	3
1216977370	circuit court	a court that hears cases in several designated locations rather than a single place	4
1216977371	fiscal	concerning public finances---expenditures and revenues	5
1216977372	excise	a tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain products	6
1216977373	stock	the shares of capital ownership gained from investing in a corporate enterprise; the term also refers to the certificates representing such shares	7
1216977374	medium of exchange	any item, paper or otherwise, used as money	8
1216977375	despotism	arbitrary or tyrannical rule	9
1216977376	impress	to force people or property into public service without choice; conscript	10
1216977377	assimilation	the merging of diverse cultures or peoples into one	11
1216977378	witch-hunt	an invertigation arried on with much publicity, supposedly to uncover dangerous activity but actually intended to weaken the political opposition	12
1216977379	compact	an agreement or covenant between states to perform some legal act	13
1216977380	Vice President	The constitutional office into which John Adams was sworn on April 30, 1789	14
1216977381	Secretary of the Treasury	The cabinet office in Washington's administration headed by a brilliant young West Indian immigrant who distrusted the people	15
1216977382	Funding at Par	Alexander Hamilton's policy of paying off all federal bonds at face value in order to strengthen the national credit	16
1216977383	Assumption	Hamilton's policy of having the federal government pay the financial obligations of the states; the appropriation or taking on of obligations not originally ones own	17
1216977384	Bill of Rights	First ten amendments of the US Constitution	18
1216977385	Political Parties	Political organizations not envisioned in the Constitution and considered dangerous to national unity by most of the Founding Fathers	19
1216977386	French Revolution	Political and social upheaval supported by most Americans during its moderate beginnings in 1789, but the cause of bitter divisions after it took a radical turn in 1792	20
1216977387	Franco-American Alliance	Agreement signed between two anti-British countries in 1778 that increasingly plagued American foreign policy in the 1790s	21
1216977388	Miami Confederacy	Alliance of eight Indian nations led by Little Turtle that inflicted major defeats on American forces in the early 1790s	22
1216977389	Jay's Treaty	Document signed in 1794 whose terms favoring Britain outraged Jeffersonian Republicans	23
1216977390	France	The nation with which the United States fought an undeclared war from 1798 to 1800	24
1216977391	Compact Theory	The political theory on which Jefferson and Madison based their antifederalist resolutions declaring that the thirteen sovereign states had created the Constitution	25
1216977392	Nullification	The doctrine, proclaimed in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, that a state can block a federal law it considers unconstitutional	26
1216977393	Britain	The nation to which most Hamiltonian Federalists were sentimentally attached and which they favored in foreign policy	27
1216977394	Whiskey Rebellion	A protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton's army	28
1216977395	Supreme Court	Body organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first headed by John Jay	29
1216977396	Alexander Hamilton	Brilliant administrator and financial wizard whose career was plagued by doubts about his character and belief in popular government	30
1216977397	Republicans	Political party that believed in the common people, no government aid for business, and a pro-French foreign policy	31
1216977398	Neutrality Proclamation of 1793	President Washington's statement of the basic principles of American foreign policy in his administration	32
1216977399	James Madison	Skillful politician-scholar who drafted the Bill of Rights and moved it through the First Congress	33
1216977400	Bank of the United States	Institution established by Hamilton to create a stable currency and bitterly opposed by states' rights advocates	34
1216977401	Funding and Assumption	Hamilton's aggressive financial policies of paying off all federal bonds and taking on all state debts	35
1216977402	Alien and Sedition Acts	Harsh and probably unconstitutional laws aimed at radical immigrants and Jeffersonian writers	36
1216977403	Treaty of Greenville	Agreement between the United States and Miami Indians that ceded much of Ohio and Indiana while recognizing a limited sovereignty for the Miamis	37
1216977404	Farewell Address	Message telling America that it should avoid unnecessary foreign entanglements; a reflection of the foreign policy of its author	38
1216977405	XYZ	Secret code names for three French agents who attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats in 1797	39
1216977406	Thomas Jefferson	Washington's secretary of state and the organizer of a political party opposed to Hamilton's policies	40
1216977407	Federalists	Political party that believed in a strong government run by the wealthy, government aid to business, and a pro-British foreign policy	41
1216977408	Electoral College	the official body designated to choose the President under the new Constitution, which in 1789 unanimously elected George Washington	42
1216977409	Census of 1790	effort that counted 4 million Americans	43