Campbell Biology 9th Edition: Chapter 12 Flashcards

9th Edition of the famed Campbell Biology Series! Chapter 12

1401708625	Why do some species employ both mitosis and meiosis, whereas other species use only mitosis?	They need both if they are producing animal gametes.	1
1401708626	A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain?	92	2
1401708627	Why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase?	They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands.	3
1401708628	Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?	32	4
1401708629	Nucleoli are present during _____.	Interphase	5
1401708630	Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.	Telophase	6
1401708631	Chromosomes become visible during _____.	Prophase	7
1401708632	Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.	Anaphase	8
1401708633	Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.	Prometaphase	9
1401708634	When the separate chromosomes are being pulled from one place to another? This animation illustrates the events of _____.	Anaphase	10
1401708635	When the two "circular" cells attached become sister cells? This animation illustrates the events of _____.	Cytokinesis as it occurs in Animal Cells	11
1401708636	When the chromosomes become visible? This animation illustrates the events of _____.	Prophase	12
1401708637	When chromosomes align laterally (along the metaphase plate: imaginary line located midway between the poles of the duplicated chromosomes and the original chromosomes), before they separate. This animation illustrates the events of _____.	Metaphase	13
1401708638	When the chromosomes break the nuclear envelope, and attach to microtubules	Prometaphase	14
1401708639	When the two "square" cells attached become sister cells? This animation illustrates the events of _____.	Cytokinesis as it occurs in Plant Cells	15
1401708640	When the sister cells are completely divided through Cytokinesis. This animation illustrates the events of _____.	Telophase	16
1401708641	During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.	Two (2) chromosomes and Four (4) Chromatids	17
1401708642	Cell division occurs during this short phase, which generally involves two discrete processes: the contents of the nucleus (mainly the duplicated chromosomes) are evenly distributed to two daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divides in two.	Mitotic Phase	18
1401708643	DNA synthesis (or replication) occurs during this phase. At the beginning of the phase, each chromosome is single. At the end, after DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.	S Phase	19
1401708644	Typically, this phase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle. It is a time of high metabolic activity. The cell grows by producing proteins and organelles, and chromosomes are replicated.	Interphase	20
1401708645	This is when division of the nucleus occurs. The chromosomes that have been replicated are distributed to two daughter nuclei.	Mitosis	21
1401708646	This third subphase of interphase is a period of metabolic activity and growth. During this phase the cell makes final preparations for division.	G2 Phase	22
1401708647	This is the portion of the cell cycle just after division, but before DNA synthesis. During this time the cell grows by producing proteins and organelles.	G1 Phase	23
1401708648	This is the step in the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides in two.	Cytokinesis	24
1401708649	During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.	The Mitotic Phase: The Mitotic Phase encompasses both Mitosis and Cytokinesis!	25
1401708650	During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.	Interphase	26
1401708651	Which of the following is true of kinetochores?	They are sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes.	27
1401708652	Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description?	G1: follows cell division	28
1401708653	In some organisms, such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?	Large cells containing many nuclei.	29
1401708654	Which of the following is found in binary fission but not in mitosis?	Duplicated chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane.	30
1401708655	Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts microfilament formation. How would this interfere with cell division?	cleavage	31
1401708656	Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle?	G1	32
1401708657	Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle?	They remain confined to their original site	33
1401708658	Which of the following is a function of the S phase in the cell cycle?	The synthesis of sister chromatids	34
1401708659	The copying of chromosomes occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?	S Phase	35
1401708660	For the first several divisions of early frog embryos, cells proceed directly from the M phase to the S phase and back to M without gaps. Which of the following is likely to be true about dividing cells in early frog embryos?	The cells get smaller with each generation	36
1401708661	True or false? The M phase is characterized by the replication and division of a cell's chromosomes.	False: Cells replicate their chromosomes during the S phase and divide partition their chromosomes during the M phase.	37
1401708662	If an organism normally has 34 chromosomes, how many molecules of DNA should there be in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?	34	38
1401708663	Which of the following events would cause the cell cycle to arrest?	Poor nutrition conditions	39
1401708664	DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules called ______, which separates during mitosis.	Sister Chromatids	40
1401708665	After chromosomes condense, the ______ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other	Centromere	41
1401708666	During Mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _______.	Kinetochore	42
1401708667	In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during ______.	Interphase	43
1401708668	The ____________ is a cell structure consising of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division	Mitotic Spindle	44
1401708669	During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called _______.	Chromatin	45
1401708670	In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ________, when the rest of the cell divides.	Cytokinesis	46
1401708671	The ________ are the organzing centers for mcrotubules involed in seperatng chromasomes during mitosis	Centrosomes	47
1401708672	Which of the following statements are true of cytokinesis in plant cells? Two that apply.	1. Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules, coalesce at the plane of cell division, and form a cell plate. 2. The cell plate consists of the plasma membrane and cell wall that will eventually separate the two daughter cells.	48
1401708673	Which species does this apply to? The cells divide by constriction of a ring protein. (2 apply)	Bacteria & Animal	49
1401708674	Which species does this apply to? The presence of a cell wall prevents the cell from dividing by constriction. (1 apply)	Plants	50
1401708675	Which species does this apply to? Tubulin subunits or tubulin-like molecules function in the division of the cell. (2 apply)	Bacteria & Plants	51
1401708676	A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site and generally remain at the site of the tumor's origin.	Benign Tumor	52
1401708677	A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half." In prokaryotes, binary fission does not involve mitosis, but in single-celled eukaryotes that undergo binary fission, mitosis is part of the process.	Binary Fission	53
1401708678	(1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation results in horizontal gene transfer.	Transformation	54
1401708679	A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic and cellular changes and are capable of invading and surviving in new sites. Malignant tumors can impair the functions of one or more organs.	Malignant Tumor	55
1401708680	An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located.	Metaphase Plate	56
1401708681	The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.	Metastasis	57
1401708682	Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.	Somatic Cell	58
1401708683	One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells....	continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.	59