Combo with Chapter 6 - Ancient Rome and Early Christianity and 1 other Flashcards

1500099091	republic	a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. - citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born male citizens.	1
1500099092	patrician	aristocratic landowners who controlled most of power in the early years of the Roman Republic	2
1500099093	plebeian	in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population. Could vote but denied holding important government jobs	3
1500099094	tribunes	Plebeian Assembly who was elected by the Plebeians to protect their interests and rights from unfair acts of patrician officials.	4
1500099095	Scipio	Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)	5
1500099096	consul	in the roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government; however their powers were limited - only had a one yr term in office and you could not be re-elected for 10 yrs..also, one consul could veto or override the others decisions.	6
1500099097	dictator	In ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time (usually about 6 months).They were chosen by the consuls and elected by the Senate.	7
1500099098	civil war	a war between two groups in the same country; In Rome, refers to the end of the Republic under the Gracchus Brothers & the following rebellions under Marius and Sulla...this brought Julius Caesar to power.	8
1500099099	trimuvirate	a group or three, esp one possessing great power or eminence; in Rome the 1st group was Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey in the year 60 BC.	9
1500099100	absolute ruler	one who has total power	10
1500099101	Pax Romana	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.	11
1500099102	apostle	These men were the original 12 disciples chosen by Christ to preach his gospels.	12
1500099103	Diaspora	the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; after two rebellions - on in 70 AD at Massada and another in AD 132 - the Jewish state ceased to exist for over 1800 yrs - the Jews were driven from their homeland into exile.	13
1500099104	pope	the bishop of Rome and supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church	14
1500099105	heresy	any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position especially in regards to the Roman Catholic Church or any religion's set of sacred beliefs.	15
1500099106	inflation	a general and progressive increase in prices coupled with a drastic drop in the value of money.	16
1500099107	aqueduct	a structure built by Roman engineers to carry water over long distances to cities & towns	17
1500099108	Pompeii	Roman city near Naples, Italy, which was buried during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. which preserved many buildings and art	18
1500099109	Tacitus	A Roman historian who presented the facts accurately. He wrote about the good and the bad of imperial Rome in his Annals and Histories.	19
1500099110	Virgil	greatest poet of the Golden Age, called the "Homer of Rome" because the Iliad and the Odyssey served as models for his epic, the Aeneid; focus on Patriotism; it took 10 years to write	20
1500099111	senate	The aristocratic brach of Rome's govenment. It had both legislative and administrative functions. Its 300 members were chosen from the upper class of Roman society.	21
1500099112	legions	large military units of Roman soldiers	22
1500099113	Punic Wars	A long struggle between Rome and Carthage over superiority in power, settlement, and trade in the Mediterranean.	23
1500099114	Rome	Winner of the Punic Wars	24
1500099115	Hannibal	Carthaginian military leader and strategist who attempted to surprise Rome with a land-based attack through the Alps.	25
1500099116	Julius Caesar	Roman consul, governor of Gaul, and dictator of Rome.	26
1500099117	Caesar's Reforms	Expanding Roman citizenship, creating jobs through public works projects, expanded opportunities for landless people to purchase land, and increased pay for soldiers.	27
1500099118	Octavian	Caesar Augustus' real name.	28
1500099119	Caesar Augustus	First of the series of emperor's of Rome. He took on the nickname "exalted one." He was Julius Caesar's adopted son.	29
1500099120	Jesus	Jewish carpenter who began a religious movement later known as Christianity.	30
1500099121	Paul	A Jewish man who spent the beginning of his life persecuting Christians before his conversion to Christianity. He became one of the foremost missionaries spreading Christianity to the Greeks and Romans.	31
1500099122	Constantine	This Roman emperor credited a pivotal win in battle to the God of the Christians and afterward announced the end of persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire.	32
1500099123	bishop	One of the hierarchy of Christian leaders in the Church. This particular position is in charge of supervising many priests and churches.	33
1500099124	Peter	One of Jesus' apostles. Jesus once refered to him as "the rock on which the church will be built". This man became a bishop in Rome and tradition holds that subsequent bishops of Rome will also be "the rock" or lead bishops within the church.	34
1500099125	mercenaries	foreign soldiers recruited to protect the Roman empire.	35
1500099126	Diocletian	This Roman emperor divided the empire in two, keeping the western portion for himself, but naming a co-emperor of the east.	36
1500099127	Constantinople	The new capital of the Roman empire as designed by Constantine.	37
1500099128	Major causes of the decline of the Roman empire	Outside invasions, severe inflation, separation of the Western portion from the Eastern.	38
1500099129	Attila	Leader of a strong and united Germanic tribe that attacked the Roman empire and accelerated its decline.	39
1500099130	Greco-Roman culture	The culture of the Romans, which mixed Greek, Hellenist, and Roman ideas.	40
1500099131	Mosaics	Popular form of Roman art in which pictures or designs were created using many small pieces of tile.	41
1500099132	What were the Roman legions?	the roman military forces	42
1500099133	Who was Constantine?	Roman emperor; made christianity legal; moved capital to Byzantium (later called Constantinople)	43
1500099134	What culture is also known as classical culture?	Greco-Roman	44
1500099135	What did Diocletian do that involved language and the Roman Empire?	Divided the Roman empire in two parts, the latin speaking west and the greek speaking east	45
1500099136	What were aqueducts?	water channels that brought water to cities and towns	46
1500099137	What was Pax Romana?	a time of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire	47
1500099138	Who was Julius Caesar?	Military leader, joined forces with Crassus; voted dictator for life by senate and is later assasinated by senate	48
1500099139	What types of people were plebeians?	low class, poor people etc.	49
1500099140	Who was Paul?	apostle who had a big influence on christianity; his letters make up the new testament in the bible	50
1500099141	what event ended the trimvirate of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey?	Caesar and Pompey go to war	51
1500099142	what were the people's rights under roman law?	-equal treatment -innocetn until proven guilty -punishment for actions, not thoughts	52
1500099143	what two classes was there political struggle for power between?	plebians & patricians	53
1500099144	what did christians refuse to do that caused roman leaders to dislike them so much?	they refused to worship the roman gods	54
1500099145	what was the emperors purose of dividing the roman empire?	to make it easier to control	55
1500099146	who were the consuls in early roman government?	the main executives of the government; 2 king-like officials served 1 year terms. Commanded the army and directed the government. One console could veto other	56
1500099147	what caused the major conflict between rome and carthage?	control of the western meddeteranian sea	57
1500099148	what were the major 3 factors that helped spread christianity throughout the roman empire?	-the religion embraced all people -common language -roman roads	58
1500099149	the fear of attack by the huns caused what group to invade rome?	the germanic tribes	59
1500099150	describe the roman code of law, the twelve tablets	The first written law code displayed in the roman forum for all to see.. Showed that all free citizens has the right to protection under the law	60
1500099151	where would you find the main sorce of info on the life of jesus of nazareth?	the new testement of the bible	61
1500099152	what were the 3 main parts of the roman economy?	trade, slavery & agriculture	62
1500099153	who was viewed as the most able emperor?	Julius Caesar	63
1500099154	Summariize what rome left for future cultures	architecture, art, language, government, religion, and literature	64