Quiz #1: Biologically Important Molecules Flashcards

897077148	Adenosine Triphosphate - ATP	The molecule that carries energy in the cell.	0
897077149	Amino Acid	The building block of protein - there are 20 different kinds normally found in nature.	1
897077150	Atom	The smallest unit of matter that cannot normally be broken into smaller particles.	2
897077151	Buffer	A chemical that resists changes in pH.	3
897077152	Carbohydrate	Any molecule with the molecular formula Cn(H2O)n.	4
897077153	Cellulose	A polymer of glucose, used as a structural component of plant cell walls.	5
897077154	Cholesterol	A lipid that is an important component of cell membranes and from which steroid hormones are made.	6
897077155	Dehydration Synthesis	Creating a bond between two atoms by taking OH from one atom and H from the other.	7
897077156	Denature	To permanently change the 3 dimensional structure of a protein.	8
897077157	Emulsification	The process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets.	9
897077158	Enzymes	Biological catalysts, composed of protein, that speed up chemical reactions.	10
897077159	Glucose	A 6 carbon sugar that forms a 6-membered ring - used as energy source by cells.	11
897077160	Glycogen	A polymer of glucose, used as a storage form for glucose in animals.	12
897077161	Hydrogen Bond	A weak bond due to the attraction between partial charges on hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.	13
897077162	Hydrolysis	Breaking a bond between two atoms by adding OH to one atom and H to the other.	14
897077163	Hydrophobic	Water-fearing.	15
897077164	Hydrophilic	Water-loving.	16
897077165	Ion	An atom or molecule that has either lost or gained electrons.	17
897077166	Isomers	Molecules with identical empirical formulas but different structural arrangements of atoms.	18
897077167	Isotopes	Elements with identical atomic numbers, but different number of neutrons.	19
897077168	Lipid	A class of molecules that includes neutral fats and steroids.	20
897077169	Maltase	An enzyme that breaks down maltose to two glucose molecules.	21
897077170	Maltose	A disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules.	22
897077171	Neutral Fat	A lipid composed of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids.	23
897077172	Nucleotide	The subunit that makes up nucleic acids - 4 types in DNA: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine.	24
897077173	Oxidation	A loss of Hydrogen atoms (or electrons).	25
897077174	Peptide Bond	The bond that forms between two amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis.	26
897077175	Phospholipid	An important component of cell membranes, has a hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail.	27
897077176	Polymer	A large molecule made by joining together smaller identical (or similar) molecules.	28
897077177	Primary Structure	The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein, which ultimately determines its shape.	29
897077178	Protein	A large organic molecule formed from a chain or chains of amino acids.	30
897077179	Quarternary Structure	Two or more polypeptide chains coming together and bonding with each other.	31
897077180	Reduction	A gain of Hydrogen atoms (or electrons).	32
897077181	Saturated Fatty Acid	A fatty acid whose carbons are all joined to the maximum number of hydrogens.	33
897077182	Secondary Structure	The loose association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds: eg. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet.	34
897077183	Starch	A polymer of glucose, used as a storage form for glucose in plants.	35
897077184	Tertiary Structure	The 3-D shape of a polypeptide chain due to it folding back on itself and forming bonds.	36
897077185	Unsaturated Fatty Acid	A fatty acid that has a "kink" in it due to a double bond between carbon atoms.	37
897077186	Nucleic Acids	Molecules that store genetic information: eg. DNA and RNA.	38
897077187	Glycerol	Three carbon that joins with fatty acids to produce triglycerides.	39