Ch. 19 Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaens Flashcards
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| 1998463525 | Virus | Poison or venomous secretion. | 0 | |
| 1998463526 | Characteristics of a Virus | Noncellular, infectious agent. Viruses are smaller than bacteria, attack every known organism. Protein coat, nucleic acid core (genetic material contains DNA or RNA). Virus cannot reproduce itself without host cell. | 1 | |
| 1998463527 | Step 1 in Virus Multiplication Cycle | Attachment | 2 | |
| 1998463528 | Step 2 in Virus Multiplication Cycle | Penetration | 3 | |
| 1998463529 | Step 3 in Virus Multiplication Cycle | Replication and Synthesis | 4 | |
| 1998463530 | Step 4 in Virus Multiplication Cycle | Assembly | 5 | |
| 1998463531 | Step 5 in Virus Multiplication Cycle | Release- To go to other cells. | 6 | |
| 1998463532 | Bacteriophage | A group of viruses that infect bacterial cells. | 7 | |
| 1998463533 | Nucleic Acid Core | Made of DNA or RNA. | 8 | |
| 1998463534 | Lytic Pathway | Leads to death of host cell. Lysis=death. | 9 | |
| 1998463535 | Lysogenic Pathway | Virus does not kill host cell. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA. Ex: Cold sores. | 10 | |
| 1998463536 | Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) | Cervical cancer. | 11 | |
| 1998463537 | Hepatitis | Changes in liver function. | 12 | |
| 1998463538 | Adenovirus | Respiratory problems. | 13 | |
| 1998463539 | HIV Replication | Inside human white blood cells. | 14 | |
| 1998463540 | Other Infectious Diseases Caused by Virus | Cold, certain cancers, warts, HIV, mumps, measles, flu. | 15 | |
| 1998463541 | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Since 1981.Disorder of the immune system caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus that destroys the body's ability to fight infection. As the disease progresses, the individual becomes overcome by disorders, including cancers and opportunistic infections. There is no known cure. | 16 | |
| 1998463542 | West Nile Fever | A viral infection affecting birds, horses and humans that cause fever, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, and possible brain inflammation. In USA 1999. | 17 | |
| 1998463543 | Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | viral respiratory illness marked by head and body aches, fever & cough; may lead to severe pneumonia. In China 2002. | 18 | |
| 1998463544 | Avian Flu H5N1 | In Asia, bird, since 2003. | 19 | |
| 1998463545 | Swine Flu H1N1 | In Asia 2009. | 20 | |
| 1998463546 | Ebola | A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death. | 21 | |
| 1998463547 | Viroid | Smaller than a virus. Strands or circles of RNA. Cause many plant diseases. Affects citrus and potatoes. Discovered in 1971. Pieces of 'naked RNA'. | 22 | |
| 1998463548 | Prokaryote Structure | No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are abundant. Ribosomes in cytoplasm. Some may have semi-rigid cell wall. DNA in nucleoid. | 23 | |
| 1998463549 | Nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. | 24 | |
| 1998463550 | Eubacteria | Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan. Cant survive in as extreme environments. Most standard energy production. | 25 | |
| 1998463551 | Archaebacteria | A group of microorganisms whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan and that typically live in extremely harsh environments. Less standard energy production. | 26 | |
| 1998463552 | Similarities between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria | No nucleus, no organelles, and evoked from common ancestors. | 27 | |
| 1998463553 | Binary Fusion | Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells. | 28 | |
| 1998463554 | Conjugation | A form of genetic recombination in bacteria in which plasmid and/or genomic DNA is transferred from one bacterium to the other through a conjugation bridge. | 29 | |
| 1998463555 | Plasma | Small circles of extra DNA with only few genes and self replicating. Resistance to antibiotics. Helps in bacterial conjugation. | 30 | |
| 1998463556 | Cocci | Round shaped. | 31 | |
| 1998463557 | Baccilli | Rod shaped. | 32 | |
| 1998463558 | Spirilli | Spiral shaped. | 33 | |
| 1998463559 | Vibrios | Comma shaped. | 34 | |
| 1998463560 | Diplococci | 2 cocci. | 35 | |
| 1998463561 | Streptococci | Chain of cocci. | 36 | |
| 1998463562 | Staphlococci | Grape/ cluster of cocci. | 37 | |
| 1998463563 | Diplobaccilus | 2 bacilli | 38 | |
| 1998463564 | Streptobaccilus | Chain of rods. | 39 | |
| 1998463565 | Extreme Halophiles | Salt loving, lives in Dead Sea and The Great Salt Lake. | 40 | |
| 1998463566 | Extreme Thermophiles | Heat loving >230 degrees, lives in Hot Springs. | 41 | |
| 1998463567 | Methanogens | Anaerobic; methane producers (natural gas), also in intestines of certain animals. | 42 | |
| 1998463568 | Clostridium | Anaerobic, Gram positive, Spore-forming rod that causes a form of food poisoning by producing a heat-labile toxin that causes botulism. | 43 | |
| 1998463569 | Lactobacillus | A bacterium that produces lactic acid from the fermentation of carbohydrates, gram positive. | 44 | |
| 1998463570 | Rhizobium | Mutualistic relationship between bacteria and roots of legumes. Helps fix nitrogen gas from the air into a form the plant can utilize. Increased nitrate uptake results in high protein content. | 45 |