America: A Narrative History - 9th Edition Chapter 8 Flashcards

837383517	Marbury vs Madison p. 331	The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress. The Supreme Court had the power to decide whether a law passed by Congress was constitutional and reject laws it considered unconstitutional, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789.	0
837383518	Chief Justice John Marshall p. 331	Federalist whose decisions on the U.S. Supreme Court promoted federal power over state power and established judiciary as a branch of government equal to legislative and executive; established judicial review, which allows Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional	1
837383519	Barbary Pirates p. 333	The name given to several renegade countries on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa who demanded tribute in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean. From 1795-1801, the U.S. paid the Barbary states for protection against the pirates. Jefferson stopped paying the tribute, and the U.S. fought the Barbary Wars (1801-1805) against the countries of Tripoli and Algeria. The war was inconclusive and the U.S. went back to paying the tribute.	2
837383520	Corps of Discovery p. 337	Official name of the Lewis and Clark Expedition members, Team of adventurers, lead by Meriwether Lewis and William Clart, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West;s flora fauna, and native populatrions, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the west.	3
837383521	Aaron Burr p. 340	Served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. under Jefferson, and was a Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him.and fled south	4
837383522	Impressment p. 343	British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812., British seamen often deserted to join the American merchant marines. The British would board American vessels in order to retrieve the deserters, and often seized any sailor who could not prove that he was an American citizen and not British.	5
837383523	Tecumseh p. 348	A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.	6
837383524	War hawks p. 350	Western settlers who advocated war with Britain because they hoped to aquire Britain's northwest posts (and also Florida or even Canada) and because they felt the British were aiding the Indians and encouraging them to attack the Americans on the frontier. In Congress, the War Hawks were Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.	7
837383525	Andrew Jacksonp. 350	The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.	8
837383526	Francis Scott Key p. 357	United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812	9
837383527	Treaty of Ghent p. 358	December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.	10
837383528	Hartford Convention p. 359	Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence and the party eventually collapsed.	11