Glencoe US Govt Unit 1 Flashcards

236392095	Magna Carta	Document that limited the abuse of power by not allowing the king to take away life, liberty, and property	0
236392096	Petition of Right	Limited the kings power to imprison with out a trial by jury and quarter troops in homes	1
236392097	English Bill of Rights	Limited the kings power by including gaurantees such as the right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.	2
236392098	Separation of powers	the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government	3
236392099	Virginia Plan	called for a bicameral legislature based on population for representation	4
236392100	New Jersey Plan	called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation	5
236392101	Three-FIfths Compromise	agreement on counting slaves as on 3/5 of a person when counting population	6
236392102	popular sovereignty	basic principal of American Government that asserts the people are the source of all government power	7
236392103	federalism	in this system, power is divided between national and state governments	8
236392104	checks and balances	each branch of government holds some control over the other 2 branches.	9
236392105	judicial review	courts have power to declare laws and actions of Congress and the president unconstitutional	10
236392106	government	The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies	11
236392107	constitution	The body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government	12
236392108	dictatorship	A form of government in which a single person or a small group has absolute power and authority	13
236392109	democracy	A form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people	14
236392110	state	A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without consent of any higher authority	15
236392111	sovereign	Having supreme power within its own territory; neither subordinate nor responsible to any other authority	16
236392112	autocracy	A government in which a single person holds unlimited political power	17
236392113	oligarchy	A government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite	18
236392114	representative democracy	A system of government in which a small group of persons chosen by the people act as their representatives expresses the popular will	19
236392115	veto	Chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by the legislature; literally (Latin) "I forbid"	20
236392116	amendment	A change in, or addition to, a constitutional law	21
236392117	concurrent powers	Powers held by the National Government and the States in the federal system	22
236392118	delegated powers	Those powers granted to the National government in the Constitution. There are three distinct types of delegated powers: expressed, implied, and inherent	23
236392119	Bill of Rights	The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution	24
236392120	Nation-state	A country who's population share a common identity.	25
236392121	Social Contract	an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society	26
236392122	Unitary System	a government that gives all key powers to the national or central government	27
236392123	Federal System	a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments	28
236392124	Constitutional Government	A system of government in which the functions of government are defined by a constitution. It effectively restrains the powers of the government and guarantees certain rights to the people.	29
236392125	Monarchy	an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority	30
236392126	Republic	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	31
236392127	Poltical Party	party is organization that recruits/campaigns candidates, party exists as a set of positions/principles in the minds of voters, party in government	32
236392128	Free Enterprise	an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices	33
236392129	Preamble	a preliminary introduction to a statute or constitution (usually explaining its purpose)	34
236392130	Supremacy clause	constitutional declaration (Article VI) that the Constitution and laws made under its provisions are the greatest law of the land	35
236392131	Expressed Powers	powers that congress has that are specifically listed in the constitution	36
236392132	Implied Powers	powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution	37
236392133	Enumerated Powers	the expressed powers of Congress that are itemized and numbered 1-18 in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution	38
236392134	Elastic Clause	gives Congress the right to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers expressed in the other clauses of Article I	39
236392135	Articles	One of sven main divisions of the body of the Constitution	40
236392136	Direct Democracy	A form of democracy in which the people govern themselves by voting on issues	41
236392137	Impeach	to accuse a public official of misconduct in office	42
236392138	Probable Cause	a reasonable bias to believe a person or premises is linked to a crime	43
236392139	Warrant	a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts	44
236392140	Due Process of Law	states that the governement must follow proper constitutional procedures in trials and other actions it takes against individuals	45
236392141	Eminent Domain	the power of the government to take private property for public use	46
236392142	Interstate Commerce	trade among states	47
236392143	States Rights	the belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority	48