Myer's Chapter 4 Exploring Psychology Developing through Lifespan Flashcards

4746145	accommodation	refers to changing an existing schema to incorporate new information that cannot be assimilated.In Piaget's theory.	0
4746146	adolescence	this refers to the life stage from puberty to independent adulthood, denoted physically by a growth spurt and maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics, cognitively by the onset of formal operational thought, and socially by the formation of identity.	1
4746147	alzheimer's disease	a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, phisical funtioning.	2
4746148	assimilation	refers to interpreting a new experience in terms of an existing schema.In Piaget's theory.	3
4746149	attachment	an emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to a caregiver and showing distress on separation.	4
4746150	basic trust	according to Erikson is a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy - a concept that infants form if their needs are met by responsive caregiving.	5
4746151	cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.	6
4746152	concrete operational stage	the stage lasting from about ages 6 or 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events and objects.	7
4746153	conservation	the principle that properties such as number, volume, and mass remain constant despite changes in the forms of objects; it is acquired during the concrete operational stage.	8
4746154	critical period	the limited time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly.	9
4746155	cross-sectional study	in this study people of different ages are compared with one another.	10
4746156	crystalized intelligence	one's accumulated acknowledge and verbal skills; tends fo increase with age	11
4746157	crystallized intelligence	refers to those aspects of intellectual ability, such as vocabulary and general knowledged that reflect accumulated learning. Crystallized intelligence tends to increase with age.	12
4746158	developmental psychology	a branch of psychology that studies human development in phsical, cognitive, and social change perspectives.	13
4746159	egocentrism	in Piaget's theory refers to the difficulty that preoperational children have in considing another's viewpoint. "Ego" means "self" erring and "centrism" indicates "in the center"; the preoperational child is "self-centered."	14
4746160	embryo	the developing prenatal organism from about 2 weeks through 2 months after conception.	15
4746161	fetal alcohol syndrome	a syndrome that refers to the physical and cognitive abnormalities that heavy drinking by a pregnant woman may cause in the developing child.	16
4746162	fetus	the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.	17
4746163	fluid intelligence	refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Fluid intelligence tends to decline with age.	18
4746164	formal operational stage	in Piaget's theory normally begins about age 12. During this stage people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.	19
4746165	habituation	decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repearted exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.	20
4746166	identity	one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.	21
4746167	imprinting	the process by which certain animals form attachments early in life, usually during a limited critical period.	22
4746168	intimacy	in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.	23
4746169	longitudinal study	in this study the same people are tested and retested over a period of years.	24
4746170	maturation	biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.	25
4746171	menarche	the first menstrual period.	26
4746172	menopause	the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.	27
4746173	object permanance	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.	28
4746174	preoperational stage	in Piaget's theory lasts from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age. During this stage, language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logic.	29
4746175	primary sex characteristics	the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that enable reproduction.	30
4746176	puberty	the early adolescent period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction.	31
4746177	rooting reflex	a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple.	32
4746178	schemas	are mental concepts that organize and interpret information. They are found in Piaget's theory of cognitive development	33
4746179	secondary sex characteristics	the nonreproductive sexual characteristics, for example,female breasts, male voice quality, and body hair.	34
4746180	self-concept	a person's sense of identity and personal worth.	35
4746181	sensorimotor stage	in Piaget's theory of cognitive stages, this stage lasts from birth to about age 2.During this stage, infants gain knowledge of the world through their senses and their motor activities.	36
4746182	social clock	the cultural preferred timing of social event such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.	37
4746183	stranger anxiety	the fear of strangers that infants begin to display at about 8 months of age.	38
4746184	teratogens	agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.	39
4746185	zygote	the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo	40
4746279	developmental_psychology	the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children	41