Adam Smith (1723-1790) 1. Scottish economist who wrote "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" 2. Opposed mercantilist policies 3. Advocated free trade and "the Invisible Hand of competition" Albert Camus (1913-1960) and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) 1. French existentialist philosophers and writers 2. Questioned the efficacy of reason and science to understand the human situation 3. Believed that God, reason, and progress are myths, and that humans live in a hostile world, alone and isolated Albert Einstein (1879-1955) 1. German physicist whose theory of special relativity undermined Newtonian physics 2. Challenged traditional concepts of time, space, and motion 3. Contributed to the view that humans live in a