Chapter 22 Natural Selection Flashcards

673787169	natural selection	A population can change over time if individuals with more fit traits leave more offspring than less fit individuals	0
673787170	evolutionary adaptation	An accumulation of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms' ability to survive and reproduce in specific environments	1
673787171	Aristotle	Said species were unchanging. Life could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity. (Scale of Nature)	2
673787172	Old Testament	Belief that species designed by God, and therefore perfect. Adaptations seen as proof that God had designed each species for its particular purpose.	3
673787173	Carolus Linnaeus	Founder of taxonomy, system of naming and classifying organisms	4
673787174	fossils	Remains or traces of organisms from the past	5
673787175	paleontology	Study of fossils	6
673787176	Georges Cuvier	Saw that species in lower strata did not appear in upper strata; thought each boundary between layers was a natural disaster	7
673787177	catastrophism	The theory that the Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope	8
673787178	gradualism	Slow but continuous change	9
673787179	James Hutton	Said that geologic features explained by gradual mechanisms currently operating	10
673787180	Theory of Uniformitarianism	Same geologic processes are operating today as in the past, at the same rate	11
673787181	Charles Lyell	Came up with the theory of uniformitarianism	12
673787182	Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck	Said that life evolves if environments change, but he had an incorrect mechanism	13
673787183	use and disuse	Lamarck's idea that parts of body used more often become larger; if not, become smaller	14
673787184	inheritance of acquired characteristics	Lamarck's idea that organisms could pass on modifications to offspring	15
673787185	Thomas Malthus	Said that human suffering due to population increasing faster than food or resources	16
673787186	artificial selection	Humans modifying species for desired traits through selective breeding	17
673787187	decent with modification	Darwin's way of referring to evolution	18
673787188	MRSA	Antibiotic resistant Stapholococcus	19
673787189	fitness	Individuals whose inherited traits confer an advantage have a better chance of surviving in a given environment and will leave more offspring	20
673787190	homology	Similarity resulting from common ancestry	21
673787191	homologous structures	Same structure, different function. Comes from common ancestor	22
673787192	comparative embryology	Embryos of vertebrates share many anatomical homologies	23
673787193	vestigial structures	Are little or no importance to organism, but remain from an ancestor	24
673787194	biogeography	Geographic distribution of species	25