Gilded Age & Progressivism Flashcards

Gilded Age & Progressivism
• The progressive Era: The legacy
◦Child labor laws
◦women's suffrage in many states
◦African American Education
◦Wilson established FTC,progressive income tax; also passed clayton

Antitrust act
◦Many reforms remain in place today
◦Did not radically change the structure of society
◦Set precedent for governmental protections against unchecked capitalism
--
•Gilded Age: Summary
◦Rapid economic growth generated vast wealth during the Gilded Age
◦New products and technologies improved middle-class quality of life
◦Industrial workers and farmers did not share in the new prosperity, working long hours in dangerous conditions for low pay
◦Gilded Age politicians were largely corrupt and ineffective
Most Americans during the Gilded Age wanted political and social reforms, but they disagreed strongly on what kind of reform

Terms : Hide Images [1]

596486610	Gilded Age	1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor. • Steel, railroad, oil, etc. • Methods of integration/ consolidation	0
596486611	Labor in gilded age	• Unions & tensions with unions • Conditions • Child labor	1
596486612	Bessemer process	Developed around 1850 injected air to make iron to remove impurities and make steel better	2
596486613	Railroads	•Benefits -Stimulated growth of other industries -City Growth •Corruption -Immigrants building the railroads! -Charged much higher rates to western farmers	3
596486615	The rise of Big Business	•Andrew Carnegie •John D Rockefeller •Consolidation used to grow business -Vertical (Carnegie Steel) (Progress by yourself), [buying the lemon tree] robber baron -Horizontal (Standard Oil) (Buying out other peoples stuff to make money)	4
596486616	Andrew Carnegie	Industrialist who made a fortune in steel in the late 1800s as a philanthropist he gave away 350 million ‣ Steel	5
596486619	John D Rockefeller	Industrialists who made a fortune in the oil refining industry ‣ US standard Oil	6
596486623	Rise of labor Unions	The purpose of a labor union was strength in numbers attempted to gain better working conditions and pay •The knights of labor •The American Federation of Labor (AFL)	7
596486624	Social Darwinism	19th century of belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Darwin could be applied to society. Survival of the Fittest	8
596486626	Gospel wealth	Wealthy are superior, gift from God to be that successful and were responsible to look out for the well being of those less fortunate.	9
596486627	Sherman Anti Trust Act	Law outlawing a combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce; important to prevent monopolies. •Not initially enforced properly.	10
596486629	The knights of labor	Was the first union to accept workers of all races and gender. Pushed for 8 hour workday, equal pay for women, accepted skilled and unskilled workers	11
596486630	The American Federation of Labor	Accepted only skilled white males won higher wages and shorter work weeks for its members ‣ Head of AFL was Samuel Gompers	12
596486631	Samuel Gompers	Head of AFL	13
596486632	Setbacks for labor Unions	•Great railroad strike of 1877 •Haymarket Riot 1886 ‣ Speakers are socialists and anarchist (no government) ‣ Public blames labor unions and views them as radical, violent and mostly foreigners.	14
596486633	The new immigrants	•Between 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans mostly from Europe came to Ellis Island (Jews/Catholics) Asian-Angel island ◦Hundreds of thousands more came from Mexico caribbean and China ◦looked and sounded different than natives	15
596486634	Nativism	Movement to ensure that native-born Americans received Better treatment than immigrants	16
596486636	The Rise of political Machines	•An organized group of people that controlled the activities of a political party ◦By giving voters services they needed, the machine won their vote and controlled city government •City Boss -Head of political Machines	17
596486637	William Boss Tweed	Political Machine Leader of NYC's Tammany Hall. Corrupt in spending tax dollars. Benefit voters for votes and politicians for graft/greed.	18
596486638	Spanish American War	1. We invested money in Cuba (Sugar) 2. Spain was harsh toward Cuba 3. Many cubans control plantations owned by Americans 4. Makes americans more likely to help cubans out at the same time give freedom to spa ins colonies. (Spain still bad) 5. When main explodes makes americans even MORE pissed, this is the major spark of the war. --- • Cuba & Philippines • USS Maine • T.R. & the Rough Riders • Role of Yellow Journalism	19
596486641	Havana Harbor	◦USS main explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor ◦Most Americans believe it was Spains fault ◦1976 US navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN How did it lead to war? ◦"Spark" that started the war ◦Remember the Main! To hell with Spain	20
596486642	Rough Riders	Teddy Roosevelt resigns as Asst secrtary of the Navy to lead a "Cowboy Calvary". Ted bought his own photographer • Tedd's popularity from this leads to his VP and president ‣ US defeats Spain & becomes a world power ‣ Teddy Roosevelt elected VP in 1900 and becomes president in 1901 when McKinley is shot (Shot by anarchist), gets TR in office ‣ US must decide what to do about Spains former colonies (Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cuba)	21
596486647	Yellow journalists	• Newspaper created highly exaggerated stories • Make money they keep you scared and interested • Made americans want war ‣ William Randolph Hearst - "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war" ‣ Sinking of the main in Havana Harbor ◦USS main explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor ◦Most Americans believe it was Spains fault ◦1976 US navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN	22
596486648	Manila Bay	Site of famous naval battle where Commodore Dewey decimates the Spanish navy on April 30th, 1898. However, lacking an occupying force, he was unable to take this until August 13th	23
596486649	American Imperialism	• Panama Canal • Great White Fleet • Roosevelt Corollary, Attempt to expand American influence through military, economic and cultural means. Prevalent throughout the 19th Century, sparked numerous conflicts.	24
596486650	Panama Canal	The United States built the this massive gateway to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.	25
596486651	Great White Fleet	1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."	26
596486652	Roosevelt Corollary	United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic	27
596486653	Theodore Roosevelt	•Disliked both excessive corporate power and potential violence by the working class •Believed wealthy had a moral obligation to help the poor •Increased federal governments role in regulation •Only opposed monopolies he believed worked against worked against the public interest ◦Became very popular •Square deal (Pushed progressivism through) ‣ Package of laws and regulations that he felt to be fair to all particularly workers -Increased regulation of business -Workers right to organize -Eight hour work days -Pure food and drug laws -Income and inheritance taxes on the wealthy ◦Trustbusting (bunch of people that controlled one thing ◦Conservation Ethic and Actions ◦Saw americas landscape as a central to its democratic spirit; natural resources vital to economic, political strength ‣ Resources belong to the public ‣ Set aside numerous public lands	28
596486654	Muckrakers	Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices ◦Term coined by Theodore Roosevelt ◦Works published in on popular magazines ◦Jacob Riis	29
596486655	Jacob Riis	A Danish immigrant, became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. Wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.	30
596486658	Ida M. Tarbell	◦Teacher and Muckraker ◦Wrote History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) ◦Exposed monopolistic business practices ◦Contributed to public outrage and support for anti-trust legislation ◦Inspired other muckrakers	31
596486659	Thomas Nast	Political Cartoonist of this time, Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed.	32
596486662	The jungle	Harsh criticisms of working conditions in Chicago's meatpacking industry ◦Instant bestseller ◦Public more concerned about meat safely than working conditions •Written by Upton Sinclair	33
596486663	Child labor fix	1.75 million under 16 had jobs in 1900 (not including farms) ◦Progressives campaign against child labor and higher adult wages ◦Mary Harris "Mother" jones and the children's crusade and march to TR	34
596486664	Women's Suffrage	NAWSA formed in 1890 ◦More women served as progressive leaders ◦Susan b Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt ◦19th Amendment passed in 1919.	35
596486665	Susan B Anthony	social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an activist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association	36
596486668	Booker T. Washington	‣ Founded Tuskegee Institute ‣ Promoted educational opportunities ‣ Told blacks that we shouldn't try and get advances	37
596486670	WEB Du Bois	‣ Strongly against segregation and discrimination	38
596486671	Carrie Chapman Catt	president of NAWSA, who led the campaign for woman suffrage during Wilson's administration obtaining passage for the 19th Amendment	39
596486672	The temperance Movement	_________________ was an organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption.	40
596486673	President William McKinley	◦Elected in 1896 ◦Foreign Arfeord in first term ◦Handily won election of 1900 on prosperity platform ◦Supported rapid industrialization and trusts ◦Assassinated in 1901	41
596486674	Food and Drug Legislation	In response to growing public outrage over insave food and unsanitary food.	42
596486675	William Randolph Hearst	A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism."	43
596486677	China immigrants	Very population so they wanted to leave and go to US So they we're immigrants and they worked for whiter price • They wanted to sell goods to china (Open door policy) Chinese wanted to come here and we wanted to go there to sell)	44
596486678	Alfred Nobel	Invented Dynamite Created Nobel Prize	45
596486679	Booker T Washington	African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.	46
596486680	James Garfield	1880; Republican; president for only 4 months before being assassinated by Charles Guiteau; promoted civil service reform but did not live to see	47
596486681	Chester Arthur	Appointed customs collector for the port of New York - corrupt and implemented a heavy spoils system. He was chosen as Garfield's running mate. Garfield won but was shot, so Arthur became the 21st president.	48
596486682	La follette	Wisconsin governor who became a miltant leader of the Progressive Republicans	49
596486683	Jane Adams	Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. 1889 founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.	50
596486685	Ellan Starr	Accompanied Jane Addams in founding the Hull House	51
596486686	Conservatism	A belief that limited government insures order competitive markets and personal opportunity.	52
596486688	Trustbusting	Government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies	53
596486692	The triangle shirtwaist Fire	A fire that occurred in a factory, and managers locked girls in the room that was on fire in fear that they would steal things. A couple girls jumped out of the windows to avoid being burned alive	54
596486693	16th Amendement	Income Tax, more money	55
596486694	The 17th Amendment	◦Constitution originally had state legislatures elect senators ◦Direct election of senators ‣ People choose who is in their senate ◦Stops bribery	56
596486695	labor laws	Laws which regulated how workers could be paid and treated	57