Chapter Two: Establishing a Constitutional Democracy Flashcards

1682322584	Federalists	Those who wrote and campaigned for ratification of the Constitution	0
1682322585	Anti-Federalists	Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution	1
1682322586	Constitution	Basic governing document of the United States	2
1682322587	Divine Right	Doctrine that says God selects the sovereign for the people	3
1682322588	Royal Colony	Colony governed by the king's representative with the advice of an elected assembly.	4
1682322589	Mayflower Compact	First document in colonial America in which the people gave their express consent to be governed	5
1682322590	Proprietary Colony	Colony governed either by a prominent English noble or by a company	6
1682322591	Colonial Assembley	Lower legislative chamber elected by male property owners in a colony	7
1682322592	Colonial Council	Upper legislative chamber whose members were appointed by British officials upon the recommendations of the governor	8
1682322593	Patronage	Appointment of individuals to public office in exchange for their political support. Widely practiced in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and continues to present day	9
1682322594	Stamp Tax	Passed by Parliament in 1765, it required colonists to purchase a small stamp to be affixed to legal and other documents	10
1682322595	Taxation Without Representation	Levying of taxes by a government in which the people are not represented by their own elected officials	11
1682322596	Stamp Act Congress	A meeting in 1765 of delegates from nine colonies to oppose the Stamp Act; the first political organization that brought leaders from several colonies together for a common purpose	12
1682322597	Patriots	Political group defending colonial American liberties against British infringements	13
1682322598	First Continental Congress	Organized in 1774, the first quasi-governmental institution that spoke for nearly all the colonies	14
1682322599	Second Continental Congress	Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775	15
1682322600	Declaration of Independence	Document signed in 1776 asserting the political independence of the United States from Great Britain	16
1682322601	Tories	Those colonists who opposed independence from Great Britain	17
1682322602	Separation of Powers	A system of governments in which different institutions exercise the different components of governmental power	18
1682322603	Whigs	Political opposition in eighteenth-century England that developed a theory of citizen rights and representation	19
1682322604	Articles of Confederation	The first (1781-1789) basic governing document of the United States and forerunner to the constitution	20
1682322605	Shays's Rebellion	Armed uprising in western Massachusetts in 1786 led by revolutionary War captain Danial Shays	21
1682322606	Annapolis Convention	Meeting in 1786 to discuss constitutional reform	22
1682322607	Virginia Plan	Constitutional proposal supported by convention delegates from large states	23
1682322608	New Jersey Plan	Small-state proposal for constitutional reform	24
1682322609	Connecticut Compromise	Constitutional Convention proposal that created a House proportionate to population and a Senate in which all states were represented equally (also known as the Great Compromise)	25
1682322610	Great Compromise	Connecticut Compromise	26
1682322611	Necessary and Proper Clause	Says Congress has the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution" its other powers	27
1682322612	Advice and Consent	Support for a presidential action by a designated number of senators	28
1682322613	Electoral College	Those chosen to cast a direct vote for president by a process determined by each state	29
1682322614	Judicial Review	Court authority to declare laws null and void on the grounds that they violate the Constitution	30
1682322615	Supremacy Clause	Part of the Constitution that says the Constitution is the "supreme Law of the Land," to which all judges are bound	31
1682322616	Three-Fifths Compromise	Constitutional provision that counted each slave as three-fifths of a person when calculating representation in the House of Representatives; repealed by the Fourteenth Amendment	32
1682322617	Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee civil liberties and protect states' rights	33
1682322618	The Federalist Papers	Essay that were written in support of the Constitution's ratification and have become a classic argument for the American constitutional system	34
1682322619	Checks and Balances	Constitutional division of power into separate institutions, giving each institution the power to block the actions of the others	35