Chapter 5 - The Persian Empire and Greek Civilization (1000 - 30) BCE Flashcards
Some notes on the Persian Empire for chapter five. Just for reviewing without all my ugly handwriting.
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| 929324275 | What are our problems with the information we have gathered of The Persian Empire? Also what's wrong with the perspective? | There were not a lot of written records. The written records we do have are from the Greeks. They thought they were evil. | 0 | |
| 929324276 | What was wrong with Persia's geography? | Persia had no river valley civilizations so they would conquer others. They also had low population density. | 1 | |
| 929324277 | What were the Persians natural resources like? | They had little agricultural output and they exported minerals. | 2 | |
| 931243446 | Who were the Medes? | They were the first ethnic group to inhabit the region of Persia. First to bring unity to the region. | 3 | |
| 931243447 | Who were the Persians? | The second ethnic group in the culture. Dominate ethnic group in the region. | 4 | |
| 931243448 | Was Persia a male dominated society? | Absolutely! Another word for male dominated is patriarchal. | 5 | |
| 931243449 | What were the classes or levels of Persian society? | The levels were Warriors, Priests, and Peasants. | 6 | |
| 931642480 | What was Magi? | It was the practice of magic. (magicians, astrologers) | 7 | |
| 931261047 | What is the significance of Indus and Danube? | They were the two boundary's of the Persian empire. | 8 | |
| 931243450 | Who was Cyrus? | First ruler of the Persia that ruled with respect and allowed local traditions. | 9 | |
| 931243451 | Who was Cambyses and what did he do? | Cambyses was the son of Cyrus and the second ruler of Persia (He ruled with respect as well). He conquered Egypt. | 10 | |
| 931261046 | Who was Darius and what did he do? | He was the third ruler of Persia. During his rule, Medes was no longer a powerful impact on the region and was at its lowest. | 11 | |
| 931275814 | What was the population during Darius's rule? | 35 to 50 million. | 12 | |
| 931642481 | What is a satrap? How did they treat the local people? | Local governors that related what was going on to the capitol to deter revolution and other problems. Treated local people with respect and let them believe what they believed. | 13 | |
| 931275815 | What was one new feature that Persia had compared to others? | Persia had many highways. They even had a postal service that's motto was "neither snow, nor rain, nor gloom of night" | 14 | |
| 931275816 | What was the Persian Empire's economy like? | It was based on trade and agriculture. Government economy was based on taxing the tributary states, which taxes paid for the defense of the empire and public works. | 15 | |
| 931316674 | What was Susa? | The administrative center of the empire. Also, just for reference, it was the ancient capital of Elam. | 16 | |
| 931388287 | What did the Book of Esther claim and what did it have an influence on? | The book claims that the Persian emperor had a Jewish wife. It had an influence on women and politics. | 17 | |
| 931388288 | What was the Kings of Kings? | The empire at its strongest power. The title of the Persian King. | 18 | |
| 931388289 | What is local codification? | Local people keep their laws. | 19 | |
| 931421624 | What was Persepolis known for? | It was the ceremonial capital for the kings. | 20 | |
| 931483275 | Art ******* | Nothing here yet. Review with friend later. | 21 | |
| 931483276 | Who was the Persians main god? | Ahuramazda. | 22 | |
| 931483277 | What was the name of the main religion in Persia? | Zoroastrianism. | 23 | |
| 931483278 | Who was the main prophet of Zoroastrianism? | Zoroaster | 24 | |
| 931483279 | What was the name of the two figures that were considered good and evil (dualism)? | Ahuramazda - Good / Angra Mainyu - Evil | 25 | |
| 931677719 | What is eschatology? | Study of the end of the World. | 26 | |
| 931483280 | What did the Persians think about fire? | It was considered sacred. | 27 | |
| 931483281 | Salvation***** | Uncertain*** (To be finished) | 28 | |
| 934492200 | What was the Iliad and Odyssey? | The religious writing by Homer. This is were the Greek religious background is from. | 29 | |
| 934492201 | What is Theogony? | The story of where the Greek gods came from. | 30 | |
| 934492202 | Are the Greek gods anthropomorphic and why did they think so? | Yes, they lied, argued, had sex etc. They thought so because when they 'made' the gods the based them of memories of past kings. | 31 | |
| 934492203 | How was the geography of ancient Greece and how many people lived there? | Very hilly land with isolated regions. The sea connected these regions. There were 2 to 3 million people. | 32 | |
| 934492204 | What was Minoan? | Ancient Crete | 33 | |
| 934492205 | What were the Dark Ages (1150-800 BCE)? | At point in time were the people of Greece became very isolated and on their own. | 34 | |
| 934492206 | What was the Archaic period (800-400 BCE)? | When the Phoenicians reconnect the Greek with the outside word. This got them out of the Dark Ages. | 35 | |
| 934492207 | Why did the Greek kick people out to start their own colonies? | They kicked them out because of overpopulation. The reason why they kicked them out is because the cities would be scarce on already low resources. (Also if you came back.... they would kill you.) | 36 | |
| 934492208 | What made moving into these new Greek colonies easy? | The fact that they never left their climate zone (Mediterranean Climate). | 37 | |
| 934492209 | What was the result of these new established Greek colonies? | They Greek culture spread around the Mediterranean (Cultural Diffusion). | 38 | |
| 934492210 | Who did the Greeks consider to be Barbaroi or barbarians? | Anyone that wasn't Greek. | 39 | |
| 934492211 | What did the city of Lydia bring upon the Greeks? | The idea of currency. This optimizes trade. | 40 | |
| 934492212 | Who were now considered the middle class in the Greek society? | The traders. (This was the first time the middle class develops.) | 41 | |
| 934492213 | What were Tyrants? | Men that took over the government and community. | 42 | |
| 934492214 | What is Oligarchy? | Rule by the few. Mainly the upper class people. | 43 | |
| 934492215 | What is Democracy? | Rule by most free men.(First developed by the Greeks) | 44 | |
| 934492216 | What was The Polis? | A Greek City state. | 45 | |
| 934492217 | What is Acropolis? | The highest point of a city. Usually on a hill or some elevation. The most important buildings would be here. | 46 | |
| 934492218 | What was the agora? | The outdoor market place of the city states of Greece. | 47 | |
| 934656124 | What was the average size of Greek city-states? | Anywhere from 500 to 5,000 people. | 48 | |
| 934656125 | What made Athens do special? | It was a large city for the time period, 30,000 people. | 49 | |
| 934656126 | Who were the Greek citizens with political rights? | Adult free men. | 50 | |
| 934656127 | Who were the Greek citizens with no political rights? | women and children. | 51 | |
| 934656128 | What Greek people were considered to be non-citizens? | Slaves, and foreign aliens | 52 | |
| 934656129 | What were the political responsibilities of all Greek men? | Everyone must participate in political activities. | 53 | |
| 934656130 | Who were the Greek hoplites? | A special type of infantry soldiers. | 54 | |
| 934656131 | What kind of equipment did the hoplites carry? | Throwing spears, short sword, and a shield. | 55 | |
| 934656132 | What was the special formation the hoplites created called and what was it? | Phalanx, row after row after row of spears pointed towards the enemy in defense. | 56 | |
| 934656133 | What was Sparta's main problem? | More people were being born than could be fed. (overpopulation) | 57 | |
| 934656134 | Was the traditional colony model followed? | No, they rejected the idea of sending away babies. | 58 | |
| 934656135 | Who were the Helots? | A race of people Sparta conquered. | 59 | |
| 934656136 | Who lived in Messenia? | The city where the helots lived in 740 BCE | 60 | |
| 934656137 | What was the Spartan to Helot ratio? | 7 Helots to 1 Spartan | 61 | |
| 934656138 | What were the Spartans main concern with the Helots? | The spartans were afraid the Helots would rebel. | 62 | |
| 934656139 | What was the Spartans solution to their Helot concern? | Sparta became a military state focusing on military strategy and tactics. | 63 | |
| 934656140 | What was the Spartans lifestyles? | Spartans spent their whole life training almost never seeing their wives. | 64 | |
| 934656141 | What influenced male Spartans sexuality? | Many of the Spartan soldiers became bisexual towards each other because of the massive amount of time spent with each other. | 65 | |
| 937147825 | What kind of freedoms do the women of Greece have?Why? | Women were free to do anything necessary because the men are gone most of the time because they're training. | 66 | |
| 937147826 | What were the expectations of Greek women? | The women were expected to be tough by their society. | 67 | |
| 937147827 | What Greek city used intimidation to control their conquered neighbors? | Sparta. | 68 | |
| 937147828 | Did Sparta allow foreigners to enter their city? | No foreigners were rarely allowed to visit. | 69 | |
| 937147829 | What kind of professions was Sparta not allowed to study/pursue? | Art, philosophical studies, and sciences were forbidden to study. | 70 | |
| 937147830 | What was the major city in Greece in 700 BCE? | Athens. | 71 | |
| 937147831 | What is a oligarchy? | a government ruled by the upper class/elites. | 72 | |
| 937147832 | What was Solomon's main political reform? | eliminated debt slavery | 73 | |
| 937147833 | What was Cleisthenes main political reform? | started a representative assembly | 74 | |
| 937147834 | What was Pericles main political reform? | allowed all free men to participate in voting, assembly's etc. | 75 | |
| 937147835 | What kind of challenges did Persia have with the eastern Mediterranean? | It was filled with Greek colonies. | 76 | |
| 937147836 | What did Athens support in 490 BCE? | A rebellion of Greek colonies under the control of Persia. | 77 | |
| 937147837 | What did Darius do after the Greek rebellion? | He sought after revenge and planned an invasion on Athens | 78 | |
| 937147838 | What happened in Marathon? | It was a Greek victory in the first Persian/Greek war. | 79 | |
| 937147839 | Who was Xerxes? | 4th ruler of Persia | 80 | |
| 937147840 | Why was Xerxes angry at the Greeks? | He wanted revenge for the loss of the first war with Greece. | 81 | |
| 937147841 | How big was the Persian force in the second war? | 150,000 men and 700 ships | 82 | |
| 937147842 | How big was the Greek force in the second war? | 9,000 men and 300 ships | 83 | |
| 937147843 | Who won the battle of Salamis? | The Greeks won | 84 | |
| 937147844 | What was the outcome of the second war? | Athens was burned twice but they warded off the attack | 85 | |
| 937147845 | What was the Delian League? | A defensive alliance between the Greek city-states. | 86 | |
| 937147846 | Who was the leader of Greece after the second war? | Athens | 87 | |
| 937147847 | How did the Athenian Empire start? | Abused the Delian League and used the money gathered for it's own endeavors. | 88 | |
| 937147848 | Who is alarmed by the Athenian corruption? | Sparta | 89 | |
| 937147849 | What was the Peloponnesian war? | It was a civil war with Greece (Athens vs City States) | 90 | |
| 937147850 | Who lost the Peloponnesian war? | Athens did | 91 | |
| 937147851 | What was a consequence of the civil war? | Greece was weakened for 27 years | 92 | |
| 937147852 | How did Macedonia benifit from the civil war? | Macedonia, being a northern city state in Greece, was unaffected by the war and was the strongest city state in all of Greece. | 93 | |
| 937147853 | Who was Philip? | Ruler of Macedonia - wanted to take advantage of Greece's weakness (was assassinated before he could) | 94 | |
| 937147854 | What Greece think of Macedonia? | They thought they were backwards, not really Greek. | 95 | |
| 937147855 | Who was Alexander? | Philip's son, Conquered the worlds largest empire (Persian Empire) before he turned 35. | 96 |