APUSH Chapter 23 Flashcards

APUSH Chapter 23

1405555591	U.S. Grant	war hero from North, cherished by Northerners, not a good politician and narrow minded- started a chain of bad events. wom only because of strong Republican party + civil war, gave in easily to the spoils system (handing out jobs)	0
1405555592	Ohio Idea	to pay back war debts with greenbacks or bills. mainly vouched by midwestern Democrats, Eastern Republicans wanted it in gold...	1
1405555593	Jim Fisk	the go-getter in the Fisk and Gold ring, both bribed Grant's brother and manipulated both men into helping raise prices of gold. the bubble burst on Black Friday 1869and they earned a profit. treasury had to release gold.	2
1405555594	Hay Gould	the smarter one in the Fisk and Gould ring, gold market bubble burst on Black Friday but made off with money...	3
1405555595	Tweed Ring (William Tweed)	"Boss Tweed" used bribery, graft, and faudulent elections to scam New Yorkers out of $200 million, eventually NY times published an expose and he ended up dying in jail...	4
1405555596	Thomas Nest	cartoonist who pilloried Tweed for an illiterate audience, turned down bribe to tell the truth...	5
1405555597	Samuel J. Tilden	New York attorney who headed the prosecution of William Tweed. had a presidential nomination, lost race eventually...	6
1405555598	Credit Mobilier	Union Pacific Road formed this company, hired themselves at a ridiculous wage. to have their comn men stay unnoticed, bribed the U.S. Vice Pres and congressmen...	7
1405555599	Whiskey Ring	robbed the treasury of a lot of money through excise taxes. Grant's secretary was accused, then let off hook. secretary of war William Belknap had to resign, too...	8
1405555600	William Belknap	Grant's secretary of war had a forced resignation after it was discovered that he was a part of the Whiskey Ring...	9
1405555601	Horace Greeley	NY Times editor who was dogmatic, emotional, and unstable in his political views. endorsed by Liberal Republicans who wanted Grant's corruption and military reconstruction to be done away with, despite his contempt for them. "Grant is a drunk crook"...	10
1405555602	Liberal Republicans	wanted an end to military reconstruction and to get rid of Grant's corruption. Nominated Horace Greeley for president...	11
1405555603	Panic of 1873	caused by overspeculation in railroad stock, railroad track laying, factories, grain, banking credit, until no more profits ensued + companies went under...	12
1405555604	hard money	made of gold and silver, actually worth something, using this as main currency would promote deflation, hard to get, value based on quantity (rich people from Northeast endorsed this)	13
1405555605	cheap money	paper bills that only stood for something if it was backed up by gold reserve. using this would promote inflation (farmers endorsed this)...	14
1405555606	Resumption Act 1875	withdrawing greenbacks from circulation, made it worth the same as gold, "as good as gold"...	15
1405555607	contraction	replacing bills with gold to back it up, paper as good as gold, smaller amount of money in circulation ,deflation...	16
1405555608	Gilded Age	sarcastic name given by Mark Twain to talk about 30 years after the Civil War, everything seemed glam + peaceful, but underneath, economic disparity says otherwise (robber barons)...	17
1405555609	Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)	a fraternal organization for Union vets from the Civil War- Republican, mostly...	18
1405555610	Roscoe Conkling	U.S. senator NY swapping civil service jobs for votes. 1870s-80s, republican, conklingite ...	19
1405555611	James G. Blaine (2)	Conklingites' rival, known as Half Breeds, another patronage system for civil service jobs. Also Republican	20
1405555612	Rutherford B. Hayes	Republican candidate for president as nominated by bickering factions of his party. "The Great Unknown", Ohio gov. 3x, swing state...	21
1405555613	Compromise of 1877	set up an electoral commission 15 men from Senate, House, and Supreme Court. ended up letting Hayes win, if troops left Louisiana + South Carolina, and a railroad ran through Texas, Democrats get patronage...	22
1405555614	Electoral Count Act	15 ppl from House Senate, Supreme court decide who gets electoral vote from state returns...	23
1405555615	Civil Rights Act 1875	prohibited racism jury selection, = accomodations in public but in the 1883 Civil Rights cases, 14th Amendment says it only protects government violations and not individual cases of discrimination...	24
1405555616	Redeemers	Southern Democrats, white, try to establish old order of whites>blacks, can have political power again...	25
1405555617	crop-lien	small farmers get credit, so can get food + supplies in exchange for harvests, forever in debt to whites, share cropping	26
1405555618	Jim Crow	series of laws that made blacks "subordinate" justified horrible treatment + segregation on a state level...	27
1405555619	Plessy v. Ferguson 1896	justified South's segregationalist policies through "separate but equal" protection of 14th Amendment. Blacks definitely NOT treated equally as whites	28
1405555620	Kearneyites	Denis Kearnmen, Irishman who incited his followers to violently abuse the Chinese. Hated them for cheap labor competition. Some murdered Chinese.	29
1405555621	Chinese Exclusion Act 1882	prohibiting all immigration from China into the U.S. until 1943	30
1405555622	U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark 1898	using 14th Amendment, birth right citizenship, jus soli and not jus sanguinis...	31
1405555623	James A. Garfield	dark horse from 1880, Republican, a year later, he was assassinated by Charles Guiteau with a shotgun (after grant was voted out)...	32
1405555624	Chester A. Arthur	Stalwart, rich, powerful but fought against corruption in politics...	33
1405555625	Pendleton Act 1883	"magna carta" of civil service, campaign contributions from federal employees illegal, based on examinations...	34
1405555626	James G. Blaine	half-breed, 1884, choice for Republicans, involved in expose, he was making a corrupt deal with railroad workers, drove followers away. Stupid Republican speech from someone else drove Irish Voters away, "Rum Romanism Rebellion"...	35
1405555627	Grover Cleveland	lawyer, good, honest, affair led Democrats to move to the other side. Won by small margin. Named 2 confederates in Cabinet, fird gov. employees 4 Democrats. had to veto giving pensions to war servicemen + disabilities. Tariffs low --> low prices-->fewer monopolies...	36
1405555628	Mugwumps	Republicans who hated Blane enough to switch to the Democratic party....	37
1405555629	William Henry Harrison	Old Tippecanoe, war hero, grandfather of Benjamin Harrison	38
1405555630	repeaters/floaters	"voting cattle", corrupt ppl, can purchase easily sway their ballot. Employed by Republicans....	39
1405555631	McKinley Tariff Act of 1890	boosting duties to 48. 4% peacetime	40
1405555632	Farmers' Alliance	militant organization of southern and western framers, 9 members in Congress...	41
1405555633	Populists	political party, "People Party" -inflation, free unlimited coining 16oz Ag vs 1oz Au -graduated income tax -gov. owner ship of railroads, telegraph, telephone -direct election of Senators -1 term limit on the Pres. -immigration on restriction -shorter work day...	42
1405555634	James B. Weaver	presidential nominee, greenbacker not many votes, but sig. 3rd party presence...	43
1405555635	HJomestead	160 acres of land by living on 5 years, federal troops	44
1405555636	Coeur d'Alene	smashed a strike here. workers' unrest...	45
1405555637	Colored Farmers' National Alliance	militant southern Black Farmers, shared complaint with poor white farmers, hated populists	46
1405555638	Tom Watson	member of Populist party who wanted to win over Black votes in the south to boost their polling numbers. Fed up with Republicans (who didn't help them as much anymore as reconstruction was over), democratic whites saw their voting potential and sought to oppress them. populist party weak w/o black support, eventually became a racist	47
1405555639	Depression of 1893	most devastating economic downturn of the century. lasted for 4 years, overbuilding, speculation, labor disorder, agricultural troubles, free Ag	48
1405555640	Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890	required the government to purchase 4.5 million oz of Ag every month, paid people who could mine notes that were redeemable for Ag or Au. wanted to create a demand for silver, especially after discontinuation of silver coins in the 1870s	49
1405555641	William Jennings Bryan	Nebraskan congressman, Democrat, spoke for 3 hours championing free Ag. Eventually alienated by Cleveland	50
1405555642	J.P. Morgan	lead banker in the United States, called upon by Cleveland to bail out the U.S. when gold reserves hit the dangerous low of $41 million. Cleveland called a sellout, but single handedly preserved the integrity of US currency overseas	51