Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance, The Flashcards
Advanced Placement
Unit 3: Genetics
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Overview: Locating Genes Along Chromosomes
Concept 15.1: Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes
Concept 15.2: Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns of inheritance
Concept 15.3: Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome
Concept 15.4: Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders
Concept 15.5: Some inheritance patterns are exceptions to the standard chromosome theory
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 2008094141 | aneuploidy | a chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number | 0 | |
| 2008094142 | Barr body | a dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome | 1 | |
| 2008094143 | chromosome theory of inheritance | a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns | 2 | |
| 2008094144 | crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis | 3 | |
| 2008094145 | cytogenetic map | a chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope | 4 | |
| 2008094146 | dendrite | one of usually numerous, short, highly branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons | 5 | |
| 2008094147 | Down syndrome | a human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects | 6 | |
| 2008094148 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue | 7 | |
| 2008094149 | duplication | an aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated | 8 | |
| 2008094150 | genetic map | an ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome | 9 | |
| 2008094151 | genetic recombination | general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent | 10 | |
| 2008094152 | genomic imprinting | a phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent | 11 | |
| 2008094153 | hemophilia | a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury | 12 | |
| 2008094154 | inversion | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated | 13 | |
| 2008094155 | linkage map | a genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes | 14 | |
| 2008094156 | linked genes | genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together | 15 | |
| 2008094157 | map unit | a unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency | 16 | |
| 2008094158 | monosomic | referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two | 17 | |
| 2008094159 | nondisjunction | an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other | 18 | |
| 2008094160 | parental type | an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself | 19 | |
| 2008094161 | polyploidy | a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division | 20 | |
| 2008094162 | sex-linked gene | a gene Located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance | 21 | |
| 2008094163 | translocation | an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome | 22 | |
| 2008094164 | trisomic | referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two | 23 | |
| 2008094165 | wild type | an individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself | 24 |