Chapter 34 push 1929-1939 Flashcards
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| 2369821624 | great depression | -longer than previous depressions -caused more business failures -affected both middle/working class | 0 | |
| 2369841929 | Black Tuesday | -Oct. 29, 1929 -bottom fell out as millions panicky investors order their brokers to sell, when there were practically no buyers to be found. | 1 | |
| 2369849134 | Dow Jones Index | -had fallen from its september high of 381 to 198 | 2 | |
| 2369854803 | stock market | -exchange of stocks -not responsible for great depression | 3 | |
| 2369867727 | buying on margin | -allowed people to borrow most of the cost of the stock, making down payments as low as 10% | 4 | |
| 2369874636 | Gross National Product | -value of all the goods and services produced by the nation in one year | 5 | |
| 2369880748 | Herbert Hoover | -wrong in thinking that prosperity would soon return -believed the nation could get through the difficult times if the people took his advice about exercising voluntary action and restraint. -urged businesses not to cut wages, unions not to strike, and private charities to increase their efforts for the needy and the jobless. -afraid gov. assistance to individuals would destroy there self-reliance. -recognized the need for more direct government. | 6 | |
| 2369900654 | Hawley Smoot Tariff (1930) | -passed by republican congress -set tax increases ranging from 31% to 49% on foreign imports. -political purpose: to satisfy U.S. business leaders who thought higher tariffs of their own against U.S. goods. | 7 | |
| 2369912584 | debt moratorium | (suspension) on the payment of international debts. -brit and germany accepted | 8 | |
| 2369916676 | Farm Board | -created in 1929 before stock market crash -helped farmers stabilize prices by temporarily holding surplus grain and cotton storage. | 9 | |
| 2369925169 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | -federally funded, government owned corp. -created by congress in 1932 as a measure for propping up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions. -help stabilize key businesses | 10 | |
| 2369941416 | bonus march 1932 | -thousand unemployed WWI veterans mached to Washington, DC -demanded immediate payment of the bonuses promised them at a later date (1945) | 11 | |
| 2369950207 | Election of 1932 | -depressions worst year -republicans for hoover -democrats for FDR -Resulted in election of FDR | 12 | |
| 2369956967 | 20th amendment | (lame duck amendment) -shortened the period between the presidential election and inauguration | 13 | |
| 2369962253 | FDR | -married to Eleanor -expanded size of federal government, altered its scope of operations, enlarged powers of presidency -disability from polio 1921 | 14 | |
| 2369974290 | Eleanor Roosevelt | -FDR's wife -leader in her own right -most active first lady in history -writing newspaper columns, speeches, traveling the country -served as presidents social conscience and influenced him to support minorities and the less fortunate. | 15 | |
| 2369987021 | Three R's | -relief: people out of work -recovery: for business and economy as one -reform: of american economic institutions | 16 | |
| 2369994477 | Brain Trusts | -included Rexford Tugwell, Raymond Moley, Adolph A. Berle. -roosevelt turned to these professors for economic advise | 17 | |
| 2370015253 | Frances Perkins | -first woman to serve in a presidents cabinet -FDR's secretary of labor | 18 | |
| 2370019586 | Hundred Days | -congress passed into law every request from roosevelt...enacting more major legislation than any single congress in history -new laws: WPA,AAA,CCC,NRA | 19 | |
| 2370027687 | bank holiday | -to restore confidence in those banks that were still solvent -pres. ordered for those banks to have a holiday on March 6, 1933 | 20 | |
| 2370034542 | Beer-Wine revenue act | -legalized the sale of beer and wine -bringing prohibition to an end | 21 | |
| 2370038590 | Fireside chats | -March 12, 1933 -FDR said to people that banks were now safe | 22 | |
| 2370104302 | Emergency Banking Relief Act | -gov. to examine the finances of banks closed during bank holiday and reopen those judged to be sound | 23 | |
| 2370109778 | Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) | -Guaranteed individual bank deposits up to 5,000 | 24 | |
| 2370116229 | Home Owners Loan Corp. (HOLC) | -provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures | 25 | |
| 2370118401 | Farm Credit Administration | -provided low-interest farm loans and mortgages to prevent foreclosures on the millions of indebted farmers | 26 | |
| 2370126752 | Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | -outright grants of federal $ to states and local gov. that were operating soup kitchens and other forms of relief for the jobless and homeless | 27 | |
| 2370133709 | Public Works Administration (PWA) | -directed by Harold Ickes -allotte money to state and local governments for building roads, bridges, dams,etc. | 28 | |
| 2370140401 | Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | -experiment in the regional development of public planning. -hired thousands of people in one of the nation's poorest regions(tennessee valley) to build dams, operate electric power plants, control flooding and erosion, manufacture fertilizer | 29 | |
| 2370150221 | Civillian Conservation Corps. (CCC) | -employed young men on projects on federal ands and paid their families small monthly sums | 30 | |
| 2370157303 | Schechter vs. US | -Supreme court ruiling declaring the NRA unconstitutional | 31 | |
| 2370164319 | Civil Works Administration (CWA) | -Hired laborers for temporary construction projects sponsored by the federal government. | 32 | |
| 2370226513 | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | -created to regulate the stock market and to place strict limits on the kind of speculative practics that had led to the crash of 1929 | 33 | |
| 2370233909 | Federal Housing Administration (FHA) | -both the construction industry and homeowners a boost by insuring bank loans for building new houses and repairing old ones. | 34 | |
| 2370240593 | Second New Deal | -1935 -concentrated on relief and reform | 35 | |
| 2370243395 | Workers Progress Administration (WPA) | -sent billions of dollars between 1935-40 -provided people with jobs -employed 3.4 million men and women who had formerly been on relief rolls of state and local governments. | 36 | |
| 2370250058 | Harry Hopkins | -operate the WPA | 37 | |
| 2370253265 | National Labor Relations | -"Wagner Act 1935" -replaced labor provisions of the National Industrial Recovery act -guaranteed a worker's right to join a union and a union's right to bargain collectively -outlawed business practices that were unfair labor | 38 | |
| 2370263028 | Social Security Act | -1935 -created federal insurance program based upon the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers | 39 | |
| 2370270472 | Father Coughlin | -catholic priest -radio broadcaster -founded National union for Social Justice, calling to issue an inflated currency and nationalizing all banks | 40 | |
| 2370279318 | Dr. Frances E. Townsend | -proposing a simple plan for guaranteeing a secure income to senior citizens. -argued that recipients would stimulate the economy and soon bring the depression to an end | 41 | |
| 2370290920 | Huey Long | -roosevely, "most dangerous of the depression demagogues" -"kingfish" -"share on our wealth" promised a minimal income of 5,000 for every american family , to be paid for by the rich. | 42 | |
| 2370303341 | court- reorganization plan | -1937 -"court packing" bill -proposed that the press. be authorized to appoint the supreme court and additional justice for each current justice who was older than a certain age. | 43 | |
| 2370310731 | Committee of industrial organizations (CIO) | -leader John L. Lewis (pres. of United Mine Workers Union. -industrial unions came together -union membership to expand to ALL workers in an industry. (unskilled too) | 44 | |
| 2370320423 | sit down strike for General Motors plant | -workers instead on their right to join a union. | 45 | |
| 2370327522 | fair labors standards act | -1938 -provided a host of regulations on businesses in interstate commerce...establishing: 1.minimum wage 2. maximum workweek 3.child-labor restrictions on those under 16 | 46 | |
| 2370337084 | Fair employment practices committee | -1941 -assist minorities in gaining jobs in defense industries | 47 | |
| 2370338823 | A phillip randolph | -head of the railroad porters union, threatened a march on washington to demand job opportunities for african americans | 48 | |
| 2370343438 | indian reorganization | -(wheeler-howard act 1934) -returned lands to the control of tribes and supported the preservation of native american cultures | 49 |