Unit 4 Organizer: The Early Antebellum Era, 1800

Unit 4 Organizer: The Early Antebellum Era, 1800—1840 Flashcards

1776237233	"Revolution of 1800"	the first time in U.S. history when one political party transferred power to another	0
1776237234	Marbury v Madison	established the principle of judicial review giving the Supreme Court the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional	1
1776237235	Judicial Review	Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws	2
1776237236	Louisiana Purchase	Doubled the US land in size -It was purchased from France -Purchased by President Jefferson -It leads to the Lewis and Clark expedition	3
1776237237	Lewis and Clark	Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.	4
1776237238	Embargo Act of 1807	established the principle of judicial review giving the Supreme Court the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional he ordered an embargo and banned all U.S. trade with England and France	5
1776237239	Impressment	British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service	6
1776237240	War of 1812	Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war against England	7
1776237241	Treaty of Ghent	ended the war. Though Britain was winning, they were also fighting France and wanted to quickly end the War of 1812	8
1776237242	Era of Good Feelings	The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel as though they won the war. popular president and booming national economy	9
1776237243	Nationalism	Increase the power of the national gov't over the states	10
1776237244	Monroe Doctrine	warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere and that the U.S. would not interfere in Europe	11
1776237245	Henry Clay's American System	unify the economies of the North, South, and West. Create a Second Bank of the United States. Create a tariff to encourage industry and limit British manufactured goods. Improve transportation with roads and canals	12
1776237246	Transportation improvements	when Robert Fulton invented the steamboat. created an infrastructure of roads, canals, early. Farmers in the South and the West could get their goods to market	13
1776237247	Erie Canal	The first major link between the East and West	14
1776237248	Lowell Mills	textile mill located in a factory town in Massachusetts that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses	15
1776237249	Second Bank of the U.S.	provided federal money for investment and regulation over the U.S. banking	16
1776237250	Eli Whitney	In 1793, ______ invented the cotton gin making cotton easy to refine and very profitable	17
1776237251	"King Cotton"	Cotton became the dominant cash crop of the Deep South (known as _______)	18
1776237252	Second Great Awakening	From 1800 to the 1830s, a series of religious revivals swept across America called the _______	19
1776237253	Temperance	One of the first reform movements was to get people to stop drinking called________. Reformers convinced people to make a "pledge" to not drink	20
1776237254	Abolition	..., the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)	21
1776237255	William Lloyd Garrison	designed the most famous textile mill in America. used mechanized machines to mass-produce textiles America's leading abolitionist	22
1776237256	Frederick Douglas	was a runaway slave, popular anti-slavery speaker, and author of the North Star newsletter	23
1776237257	Grimke Sisters	..., were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights.	24
1776237258	Nat Turner Rebellion, 1831	..., United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia	25
1776237259	Seneca Falls Convention	..., (1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written	26
1776237260	"Jacksonian Democracy"	..., this term describes the spirit of the age led by Andrew Jackson. During this period, more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and popular participation in politics increased. The Democratic Part, led by Jackson appealed to the new body of voters by stressing the belief in rotation in office, economy in government, governmental response to popular demands and decentralization of power.	27
1776237261	Democratic Party	..., One of the two major U.S political party; founded in 1828 by Andrew Jackson to support a decentralized government and state's rights	28
1776237262	Whig Party	Opposition to Jackson led to the formation of the ______ and the return of the two-party system	29
1776237263	Know-Nothing Party	..., Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party.	30
1776237264	Spoils System	..., A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.	31
1776237265	Sectionalism	..., Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict.	32
1776237266	Nullification Crisis	..., 1832-33 was over the tariff policy of the Fed. Gov't, during Jackson's presidency which prompted South Carolina to threaten the use of NULLIFICATION, possible secession and Andrew Jackson's determination to end with military force.	33
1776237267	John C Calhoun	..., South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification	34
1776237268	Indian Removal Act of 1830	Congress passed and Jackson signed the _________forcing all Indian tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River.	35
1776237269	Trail of Tears of 1837	In 1838, the U.S. Army forced the Cherokees west _______	36
1776237270	The Bank War	Jackson thought the BUS was unconstitutional and gave too much power to the elite	37
1776237271	Why did settlers in the new states tend to support Democratic - Republican candidates?	they were supporters of strong state government	38
1776237272	Who appointed the "midnight judges?"	..., John Adams	39
1776237273	Which Supreme Court ruling established the principle of judicial review?	Marbury v. Madison	40
1776237274	What was the cost of the Louisiana Purchase and who was sent to explore it?	15 million, Lewis and Clark	41
1776237275	What was the purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807 ?	..., This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.	42
1776237276	Who was president when the United States declared war on Great Britain in 1812?	James Madison	43
1776237277	Why did Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans have no impact on the outcome of the War of 1812?	the war was already over.	44
1776237278	What treaty ended the War of 1812?	treaty of Ghent	45
1776237279	Who came up with idea of using interchangeable parts in the manufacturing process?	Bi Sheng	46
1776237280	What were the three parts of the American Plan?	No more future colonization in North America Neutrality against Europe. No European Interference in American Affairs.	47
1776237281	What two important transportation routes helped increased connections between regions?	the Trans Siberian Railroad and panama canal	48
1776237282	Who was president during the "Era of Good Feelings" and also proposed the Tariff of 1816?	James Monroe	49
1776237283	What Supreme Court ruling gave the federal government the sole power to regulate interstate trade?	Gibbons v. Ogden	50
1776237284	In McCulloch v Maryland, why was a law taxing the Bank of the United States declared unconstitutional?	The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland, the Second Bank of the United States was the only out-of-state bank then existing in Maryland, and the law was recognized in the court's opinion as having specifically targeted the U.S. Bank. The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.	51
1776237285	How did the United States gain Florida in 1819?	u.s purchased it from Spain for five million	52
1776237286	What is the Monroe Doctrine ?	..., (1823) A political policy of the United States by President James Monroe that states the Western Hemisphere is closed to European interference.	53
1776237287	What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?	.Maine would separate from Massachusetts and be admitted as a free state; 2.Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state; and 3.The remaining territory of the Louisiana Purchase, which lay north of the 36-30 parallel, would be closed off to slavery.	54
1776237288	Why was the election of 1824 called the "corrupt bargain"? Who was involved?	because John Q. Adams seemed to have made an unsavory bargain deal with Henry Clay. Clay finished fourth in the electoral vote and so was not eligible to win . He was able to get the states that he had carried to vote for Adams even though Jackson would seem to be the more logical choice for their interests. In return Adams appointed him as Secretary of State, a position which at that time was viewed as a stepping-stone to the Presidency.	55
1776237289	What was the "spoils system" ?	..., The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. Jackson made this practice famous for the way he did it on a wide scale.	56
1776237290	What group of American Indians were the victims of the 1830 Indian Removal Act and "Trail of Tears?"	Cherokee	57
1776237291	Why did John C. Calhoun call the Tariff of 1828 the "Tariff of Abominations?"	The South, was harmed directly by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South.	58
1776237292	Why did South Carolina threaten to secede (or withdraw) from the federal union in 1832?	national government wouldn't allow them to nullify federal laws.	59
1776237293	Who wanted the Force Bill of 1833 and why did he want it?	Andrew Jackson, to protect the power of the national government over the states.	60
1776237294	What new political party, favoring the American System, was created in 1834?	Democratic party	61
1776237295	Why did banks refuse to accept paper currency in 1837, leading to the Panic of 1837?	a financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices and wages went down while unemployment went up.	62
1776237296	The Second Great Awakening, which began in the 1790s, was what type of movement?	religious	63
1776237297	Why was western New York state referred to as the "burned over district?"	The name was inspired by the notion that the area had been so heavily evangelized as to have no "fuel" (unconverted population) left over to "burn" (convert).	64
1776237298	TRANCENDENTALISM:	a religious and philosophical movement that was developed during the late 1820s and 1830s[1] in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church taught at Harvard Divinity School.	65
1776237299	Define ABOLITION	..., the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)	66
1776237300	Who created The Liberator, a newspaper calling for the immediate emancipation of slaves?	William Lloyd Garrison	67
1776237301	Who was Frederick Douglass?	..., United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)	68
1776237302	Who led a violent slave uprising in Virginia in 1831?	Nat Turner	69
1776237303	Define ANTEBELLUM:	..., belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War	70
1776237304	Who was Sojourner Truth ?	..., She was a woman who believed God told her to speak about slavery and women's rights.	71
1776237305	Define CAPITALISM:	an economic system based on private ownership of capital	72
1776237306	What is specialization in agriculture ?	the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock	73
1776237307	What invention allowed ships to travel both ways on the Mississippi River?	steam boat	74
1776237308	What was the nation's first major canal? Which U.S. city became the center of American commerce because of this?	Erie canal	75
1776237309	What did John Deere and Cyrus McCormick create that changed American agriculture?	mechanical reaper	76
1776237310	The period of time in U.S. history before the Civil War is known as	the Antebellum Era (1800-1860)	77
1776237311	Patriotism surged as Americans claimed the War of 1812 was a	"Second American Revolution"	78
1776237312	was America's leading abolitionist	William Lloyd Garrison	79