U.S. History Semester I Final Flashcards

Chapters from The American Anthem U.S. History Textbook

50529680	Had a very high mathematical system. invention of the use of paper. large pyramids over 3,000 structures. 145 feet tall pyramids. there were 3 massive pyramids. they were good at crafts. grew lots of crops, chili peppers, corn, squash, beans. were sea traders. built canoes. Who are they?	Mayans	0
50529681	300,000 inhabitants of the capital city their holy empire was about 5 mil. The capital's name was known as Tenochtitlan. Who are they?	Aztecs	1
50529682	These people grew master farms. They were known for growing tobacco, corn, and beans. They built temples/mounds. The French lived with them. They would choose who people wed to. If wife or husband died, the other would then kill themselves so the coud be with their spouse in the afterlife. Who are they?	Mississippian Indians	2
50529683	stories of how man came about	creation stories	3
50529684	Ice age flowed over the bering straight land bridge from Asia to N.A.	Bering Strait Theory	4
50529685	went to Spain, convinces the king and queen to "sponsor" his trip. took the Pinta, Santa Maria, and Mayflower lands in Bahamas area.	Christopher Columbus	5
50529686	went to florida, claimed for Spain. trying to search for the fountain of youth.	Juan Ponce De Leon	6
50529687	supposedly held in florida. holding the key to "everlasting youth."	fountain of youth	7
50529688	Spanish conquistador. central mexico -- took over aztecs. Received help from tribes.	Hernan Cortes	8
50529689	traveled down to the Andes --> Inca Empire. Established power by killing their emperor. Married his daughter	Francisco Pizzaro	9
50529690	Slave trade in the Americas. Wanted to get more rich. went around Mississippi area to find gold	Hernandode Soto	10
50529691	the governor of area of Southern Mexico. 7 cities of Cibola (gold)	Francisco Cornando	11
50529692	Successful raids against Spanish shipping angers king of Spain and he mobilized for war at sea. led the english attack for the Spanish Armada	Sir Francis Drake	12
50529693	spanish navy that protected naval trade ships	Spanish Armada	13
50529694	French - sailed down the St. Lawrence river. establishes Quebec and Montreal	Jacques Cartier	14
50529695	Sailed for Dutch. found the Hudson River. gets booted off ship with his son. Dies in the Hudson Bay.	Henry Hudson	15
50529696	Henry Hudson and Jacques believed to be an all water route.	Northwest Passage	16
50529697	Roanoke. left back to England. Came back in three years and everyone was gone. Attacked, migrated, and starved.	Governor John White	17
50529698	Joint stock company based out of London that funded Americas for tobacco.	Virginia Company	18
50529699	led the colony of Jamestown. "You don't work, you don't eat."	John Smith	19
50529700	Name of Tribe and Chief	Powhatan	20
50529701	Also known as the "lost colony." Between 1585 and 1587, several groups attempted to establish a company.	Roanoke Colony	21
50529702	from Powhatan tribe. wanted peaceful relations. Married John Raulph.	Pocahontas	22
50529703	First form of European representative. Democracy.	House of Burgesses	23
50529704	Someone who is signed up to work for 4-7 years for food, to cross the Atlantic Ocean or lodging.	Indentured Servant	24
50529705	Protestants who separated from church of England to establish their own Mayflower.	Puritans	25
50529706	Left on the Mayflower, for a site near Jamestown but fell off course.	Cape Cod	26
50529707	All agreed to work together to improve their religion.	Mayflower Comp act	27
50529708	North of Cape Cod	Massachusetts Bay Company	28
50529709	English civil war. Tractive land given to group of individuals in the Americas from the King. New York, New Jersey, and Carolina.	Proprietary Colonies	29
50529710	Religion without a church structure. One on one relationship with God	Quakers	30
50529711	Established Quakers in Philadelphia.	William Penn	31
50529712	Capital of Quakers	Philadelphia	32
50529713	Colonial goods must be shipped on British ships, british captain on crew, also.	Navigation Acts	33
50529714	Started in Europe. 7 year war. Euroquoy split into both sides. William Pitt took over. British was successful.	French and Indian War	34
50529715	The fighting along the St. Lawrence River. British Win.	Battle of Quebec	35
50529716	Statesman. 2nd member of the continental congress	Ben Franklin	36
50529717	Treasurer for the British Parliament. his idea to increase taxes on colonists	William Pitt	37
50529718	Chief of Ottowa Tribe	Chief Pontiac	38
50529719	The colonists left at their own affairs. Very little to no taxation of the colonists	Salutary Neglect	39
50529720	Increased tax on wine, coffee. First tax in which colonists had no representative.	Sugar Act	40
50529721	Special tax on tea. Led to British Tea Party	Tea Act	41
50529722	A law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requirng coonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought	Stamp Act	42
50529723	Prime Minister during Revolutionary War	Prime Minister Lord North	43
50529724	Act passed by Parliament in reaction to the Boston Tea Party. Also called Cohersive Act. Closed Boston Harbor	Intolerable Acts	44
50529725	An incident where British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing 5 people.	Boston Massacre	45
50529726	Established the minutemen - Also In attendance were Parck Henry, George Washington, John and Samuel Adams, and John Jay. Hey areed that each colony would have one vote, despite differences in size.	First Continental Congress	46
50529727	Massachusetts malicia in 60 seconds	Minutemen	47
50529728	General Congress said to round up Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Said to stop the attack	Battles of Lexington and Concord	48
50529729	First gunfire at lexington. First event in a colony separating from Britain	"The Shot heard around the World"	49
50529730	Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. Calling for the colonists to formally separate from Great Britian	Common Sense	50
50529731	He is the drafter of Declaration of Independence	Thomas Jefferson	51
50529732	Battle in New York. British FTW	Battle of Long Island	52
50529733	Said that colonists must find quarters, or living space, for the British soldiers stationed in America	Quartering Act	53
50529734	German mercenaries made up 1/4 of entire British fighting force	Hessians	54
50529735	American general, pushes Lord Cornwallis towards Chesapeake Bay.	Nathanael Greene	55
50529736	Fought in upstate NY - John Burgoyne being surrounded by mericans. Turning point of Revolutionary War. Americans FTW	Battle of Saratoga	56
50529737	In charge for war in the British. Had to surrender at Battle of Saratoga	General John Burgoyne	57
50529738	Known as the father of the U.S. Navy	John Paul Jones	58
50529739	French General, fights alongside Washington	Marquis de Lafayette	59
50529740	The general of the Southern British campaign	Lord Cornwallis	60
50529741	"The day the world was turned upside down." - a 3-week-long siege by the Americans and French that rapped most of the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia.	Battle of Yorktown	61
50529742	Formally ended fighting between Americans and British	Paris Peace Treaty	62
50529743	Created symmetric grid to divvy up the land	Northwest Territory	63
50714629	This new land law promised religious freedom, land free from slavery, and the protection of civil rights in the new lands west of the 13 states. This law also established the requirements for these new lands to eventually become states.	Northwest Ordinance	64
50714630	George Washington was the president. Helped with constitution.	Constitutional Convention	65
50714631	Father of the Constitution	James Madison	66
50714632	President of convention	George Washington	67
50714633	Proposed by Edmund Randolph, this plan for representation in the national government consisted of a two house legislature that would have the lower house (whose member were elected by popular vote) elect the upper house's members. Opponents claimed that this plan gave too much power to the larger states.	Virginia Plan	68
50714634	This idea for sending representatives to the lower house of the national government was proposed by William Paterson. It called for a one house, or unicameral, legislature and it wanted each state to have equal representation in this legislature. Those who supported this felt that basing representation on population would favor the large states and leave out the smaller states.	New Jersey Plan	69
50714635	Upper house (Senate) have two representatives from each state. Lower house - representatives based on population.	Great Compromise	70
50714636	3/5 of slaves would be counted for taxing	Three Fifths Compromise	71
50714637	When the Constitution was submitted to the states for ratification, there was a group of statesmen who were trying to get public support for the Constitution's passage by writing influential editorials in the major newspapers. The pro-Constitution letters that they were writing were called the...	Federalist Papers	72
50714638	Against strong government. (Country poor people)	Anti-Federalist Papers	73
50714639	10 amendments; Key for southern states to ratify constitution	Bill of Rights	74
50714640	All powers not given to the government are reserved for the states	Reserved Powers	75
50714641	Take power from state	U.S. Constitution	76
50714642	30 years old and a U.S. citizen for 9 years	U.S. Senate	77
50714643	9 Supreme court justices	Supreme Court	78
50714644	Where Washington kept his troops during the winter	Valley Forge	79
50714645	Was a document written stating that the people of the U.S. were now independent of Britain and owed them nothing and would make their own government	Declaration of Independence	80
50728857	Plan to have a regular source of revenue for our country to get our country out of debt	Alexander Hamilton's Debt Bill	81
50728858	Taxes on carriages, liquor, tobacco, and sugar	Excise Tax	82
50728859	Opened up the Mississippi River to American navigation	Pinckney's Treaty	83
50728860	House of Representatives voted over and over. Burr Vs. Jefferson. Hamilton hated both men,but hated Jefferson the least. Asked someone to not change their vote, but to just not vote.	Election of 1800	84
50728861	Was a famous case that made sure the judicial branch would be in equal power to the executive and legislative branches.	Marbury v. Madison	85
50728862	Wrote the star spangled banner. Was captured and then inspired to write a poem after seeing the bombing of Ft. McHenry	Francis Scott Key	86
50728863	Lead by W.H. Harrison, British-Indian alliance was broken after their leader had died.	Battle of New Orleans	87
50728864	Large colonial port city	Charleston	88
50728865	Ran for VP in the 1800 Election	Aaron Burr	89
50728866	American/Canadian border. Tukumseh dies. William Henry Harisson leads.	Battle of the Thames	90
50728867	Ordinary sailers in the Royal Navy were badly paid and brutally treated. To find crews, men were often impressed--kidnapped and forced to work on ships. Many deserted whenever they could.	Impressment	91
50728868	Prohibited exports to foreign countries.	Embargo Act	92
50728869	The Prophet's brother and an inspiring leader. In 1809 he began to unite his brother's followers. But in 1811, while he was away, Harrison's army attacked. Both sides suffered heavy losses, and Prophetstown was burned.	Tecuseh	93
50728870	Most came from the western states. They were less concerned with world affairs than they were with frontier events. They hated the British and even hoped for a conquest of Canada.	War Hawks	94
50728871	American and British diplomats were eager for peace. The Napoleonic Wars had been costly for England. In America, New Englanders were near rebellion over the war. No territory changed hands, but Americans had proved themselves as a nation.	Treaty of Ghent	95
50728872	The United States acquired Florida and established a firm boundary between the Louisiana territory and Spanish territory farther to the west.	Adams-Onis Treaty	96
50728873	Stated that the United States would view any European attempts to further colonize the Americas "as dangerous to our peace and safety."	Monroe Doctrine	97
50728874	Under this agreement, Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine was to be admitted as a free state. Thus, the balance between the number of free states and slave states was preserved. The agreement also banned slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory.	The Missouri Compromise	98
50728875	The Cherokee suffered so badly--from hunger, exposure, disease, and bandits--that their exodus became known as the ___________________.	Trail of Tears	99
50728876	Connects the Great Lakes with the Hudson R.--and with the Atlantic Ocean. Provided a quick and economical way to ship manufactured gods to the West and farm products to the East.	Erie Canal	100
50728877	Device that sends messages using electricity through wires. Thought of by Samuel F. B. Morse	telegraph	101
50728878	VP under Adams and Jackson. Resigns to go back home to South Carolina. All about nullification.	John C. Calhoun	102
50728879	The States' right to ignore a fed. law.	Nullification	103
50728880	State of Maryland tries to tax the national bank. Brought up in the Supreme Court	McCulloch v. Maryland	104
50728881	In the Mexican - American war. Invaded CA, secured it for the United States.	General Stephen Kearny	105
50728882	Was a war hawk, secretary of state, speaker of the house. Ran for President. Pulled out of election. Known as "the great compromiser."	Henry Clay	106
50728883	Leader of early Texas	Stephen F. Austin	107
50728884	Name 5 Civilized Tribes:	Seminole, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek	108
50728885	Made an announcement that reverberated around the cuntry The gold mines in California "are more extensive and valuable that was anticipated," he told the Congress.	James Polk	109
50728886	Workers began building mills and other buildings here. Within two years, the mills were turning out great amounts of cotton cloth--and earning great profits.	Lowell, Massachusetts	110
50728887	Tennessee militia leader led a force against Tecumseh and the Creeks. He massacred Creek women, children, and warriers. He then seized the fort at Pensacola in Spanish Florida.	Andrew Jackson	111
50728888	Congress organized the judicial branch. It had a six-person Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associates. Washington named John Jay as the first chief justice of the United States. Congress also created district courts and courts of appeal.	Judiciary Act of 1789	112
50728889	This act created new positions in the judicial branch. Departing President John Adams hurried to fill them with Federalists.	Judiciary Act of 1801	113
50739275	Young Shoshone woman. The wife of a French Canadian fur trapper.	Sacagawea	114
50739276	Spanish mission in San Antonio, Texas; the site of a famous battle of the Texas Revolution in 1836	The Alamo	115
50739277	The three alien laws were aimed mainly at French and Irish refugees, most of whom supported France. Those measures increased the period of residency required for citizenship from 5 years to 14; required foreigners to register with the government; and allowed the president to jail or expel any foreigner thought to be "dangerous to the peace and safety" of the country.	Alien and Sedition Acts	116
50739278	An expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase	Lewis and Clark Expedition	117
50739279	The purchase of land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains that doubled the size of the United States	Louisiana Purchase	118
50739280	The idea that the nation had a God-given right to all of North America.	manifest destiny	119
50739281	The mass migration to California of miners--and businesspeople who made money of the miners--is known as the ________.	Gold rush of 1949	120
50739282	Ended the Mexican-American War. Mexico was forced to turn over to the U.S. a huge tract of land known as the mexican Cession.	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	121