AP Euro Midterm Flashcards

625470685	Northern Christian Humanists	Renaissance thinkers whose major goal was the reform of Christianity. Believed in educating everyone in a Christian way to create an inward religious feeling. Wanted the Bible translated into vernacular languages. Desiderius Erasmus was most influential - prepared way for the reformation; believed in an emphasis on education. Thomas More (wrote Utopia) believed in an emphasis on government service.	0
625470686	Martin Luther	95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion, and was against all others.	1
625470687	Edict of Worms	declared Martin Luther an outlaw within the empire due to his not revoking his beliefs; his works were to be burned and Luther himself captured and delivered to the emperor.	2
625470688	Peace of Augsburg	It was turning point to the historic reformation and it ended the German religious warfare in 1555. It declared that Lutheranism was a legal, permanent religion along with Catholicism. It also stated that German princes could determine the religion over his subjects.	3
625470689	Anabaptists	A radical Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.	4
625470690	Henry VIII	(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.	5
625470691	The Council of Trent	An assembly of high church officials summoned by the Catholic Church to clarify doctrine and address reform in response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation.	6
625470692	The Edict of Nantes	recognized Huguenot religious freedoms and rights of Protestants to participate in French public institutions, and was promulgated by Henry IV and provided for religious toleration in England.	7
625470693	Motives for exploration	curiosity, wealth, fame, national pride, religion, foreign goods, faster and cheaper trade routes	8
625470694	Prince Henry the Navigator	Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.	9
625470695	Ferdinand Magellan	(1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.	10
625470696	The Aztecs	-A.D. 1325-1521 -Central Mexico -Conquered much of central Mexico -The Toltecs preceded the Aztecs -The Aztecs built a great city (Tenochtitlan) and ruled an empire -Religion and war dominated Aztec life -Rich mythological and religious traditions -Architecturally accomplished (city planning, Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan, temples and palaces) -Artistically advanced	11
625470697	Encomienda	A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians.	12