APUSH final terms Flashcards

APUSH Terms from american revolution to WWI

1169698195	Navigation Acts	A series of commercial restrictions to regulate colonial commerce to favor England's accumulation of wealth	0
1169698196	Benjamin Franklin	Philosophe- devoted himself to the pursuit of useful knowledge - Silence Dogood in newspapers- promoted spread of reason	1
1169698197	Lexington and Concord	British troops sent to seize rebel supplies- Lexington militia arrived- no intention of fighting- shots fired 8 dead	2
1169698198	Intolerable/Coercive Acts	Closed port of Boston, reconstructed Massachusetts government, restricted town meetings and troops were quartered	3
1169698199	Tea Act	Parliament OK's East India Company to sell tea directly to America	4
1169698200	Stamp Act Congress	Leaders from Different regions discussed common problems	5
1169698201	Sons of Liberty	Patriots that won't surrender with out a fight	6
1169698202	George III	Ruled England 1760 @ 22 years old- was not well educated- ruined relationship with whigs	7
1169698203	Proclamation act of 1763	prohibited governors from granting land beyond headwaters of rivers flowing into the Atlantic	8
1169698204	Loyalists/Tories	Colonists that sided with kings and parliament during revolution	9
1169698205	Common Sense	most popular and influential pamphlet in US History- written by Thomas Paine	10
1169698206	Thomas Paine	Author of Common sense	11
1169698207	2nd Continental Congress	-Organized continental army -commissioned George Washington -Print money -foreign affairs - Ben Franklin was ambassador -declaration of independence	12
1169698208	Thomas Jefferson	Virginia lawyer- drafted Declaration of Independence	13
1169698209	George Washington	Lead continental army	14
1169698210	Olive Branch petition	Written to create peace with king - last correspondance	15
1169698211	Yorktown	Last battle - British General Cornwallis surrendered army of 6,000- British were circled	16
1169698212	Saratoga	American victory- 1st- VA harnesses British 2nd- Burgoyne wanted to break free of colonial forces -Burgoyne surrenders cot. 17th 1777	17
1169698213	Treaty of Paris 1783	independence of USA- land east of Mississippi river to USA	18
1169698214	Hessians	German Mercinaries	19
1169698215	Mercantilism	4 Laws: -Export only to England -Import only from England -Ships must be British Made -No producing goods already made in England	20
1169698216	William Pitt	British Minister determined to expel French from North America during 7 years war	21
1169698217	Albany Plan	inter-colonial cooperation - grand council of elected delegates that would have power to tax and provide for common defense	22
1169698218	General Cornwallis	British general who surrendered his army of 6000	23
1169698219	Whiskey Rebellion	1794- tax on whiskey- found unfair- threatened to pit distillaries out of business	24
1169698220	republicanism	power in the peoples hands- civic virtue	25
1169698221	Federal supremacy	-state laws cant conflict with federal laws - federal has supreme power	26
1169698222	anti-federalist	didn't want constitution- common people and farmers	27
1169698223	John Locke	-Philosoph -everyone's rights	28
1169698225	Constitutional convention	Decided many factors of constitution- secretive	29
1169698226	federalist	-strong central government -merchants and upper class -central economic planning -closer ties with great Britain -maintain public order	30
1169698227	Shays Rebellion	farmers in debt tried to prevent courts from foreclosing farms in debt	31
1170148396	Articles of confederation	no: taxes, standing army, single currency, official capital Yes: make peace, war sign treaties, postal service -not good overall for USA replaced by constitution	32
1170148398	Northwest Ordinance	-sets how states and how to become a state -new structure of government for northwest territory -could petition for full statehood	33
1170148399	great compromise	combined Virginia and New Jersey plans- 2 houses, one based on population and one elected by the people	34
1170148401	3/5ths compromise	for every 5 slaves- received credit for 3 votes	35
1170148403	Electoral college	electors would vote on behalf of the american people	36
1170148404	Jays Treaty	-get British troops out of america -trade -pay for ships taken -respect neutrality	37
1170148406	Alexander Hamilton	-federalist -treasury under Washington -duel with Burr	38
1170148407	John Adams	2nd president	39
1170148409	Aaron Burr	-lost to Jefferson -vice president -duel	40
1170148411	XYZ affair	-1797 -bribe demands from France and US insulted peace commissioners - heightened war fever	41
1170148412	Alien and sedition acts	- authorized use of federal courts and pres to silence republic -can deport (suspicious reason) -expel foreigner -14 years to citizenship -guilty- subject to fines and imprisonment	42
1170148414	Farewell address	-Washington declared his intention to retire from presidency	43
1170148416	KY and VA resolutions	disagreed with sedition act- declared unconstitutional Kentucky-Jefferson Virginia-Madison	44
1170148417	Judiciary act 1789	established us federal judiciary -supreme court- 13 district courts	45
1170148419	12th amendment	electoral vote cast separate ballots for president and vice president	46
1170148421	Marbury vs madison	supreme court asserted power of judicial review- declared judiciary act unconstitutional	47
1170148423	Battle of New Orleans	-last battle of war of 1812 -shouldn't have happened -happened after peace treaties signed	48
1170148425	War Hawks	-nationalists who wanted war -Madison surrendered to war hawks	49
1170148426	Harford Convention	-discussed relations between people of their region and federal government - recommended changes to consist	50
1170148428	War of 1812	-between us and britain -ordered in council -british out of US -impressment	51
1170148430	Barbary war	-north african states demanding more tribute -jefferson refused -ransomed us crew - $60,000	52
1170148432	Judicial Review	-can be ruled unconstitutional -federal courts have duty to review constitutionality of acts	53
1170148433	Treaty of Ghent	-in belgium -dealt with virtually none of the topics in war message -no territory gained/lost -all agreed to ratify	54
1170148435	Tecumseh	-native american leader -forced to seek British help- battle of tippecanoe	55
1170148437	John Marshall	-Adams appointed chief justice -marbury vs madison	56
1170148438	Sitting Bull	sioux medicine man- little big horn	57
1170148440	George Custer	battle of little big horn- divided his men-died in battle - custers last stand	58
1170148442	Chief Joseph	lead Nez Perce tribe thru a 45 day fight - ran out of food, horses and ammunition - sent to barren land in OK- most died	59
1170148443	Louisiana Purchase	land bought from france for 15 mil basically from mississippi river to rocky mtns doubled size of usa	60
1170148445	Assimilation	give native americans formal education and training	61
1170148447	Homestead Act	offered 160 acres of free public land to any family settled there for 5 years	62
1170148449	Dawes act	divided tribal lands into small plots for distribution among members of the tribe -surplus sold to write settlers	63
1170148450	Ghost Dances	set of dances and rites that grew from a vision of a paiute messiah- bring back native american lands- whites would disappear- reunite-new earth	64
1170148453	Sewards folly	name given to purchase of alaska from russia	65
1170148455	Oklahoma	final fling-last of free land-thousands lined up to claim land	66
1170148457	webster-ashburton treaty	maine/new brunswick to US -ceded by Great Britain 1842	67
1170148459	Sam houston	-leader of texas issues -first and third president of the republic of texas	68
1170148460	manifest destiny	god given right to expand	69
1170148462	mexican cession	-border disoute -new mexico and cali -war with mexico -treaty of guadalupe hildago	70
1170148463	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	ended mexican american war- texas=free, mexican cession 15 mil	71
1170148465	Gadsen Purchase	bought from mexico- railroads	72
1170148467	Mexican american war	texans on disputed land-provoking -mexican refusal to make pease -treaty	73
1170148468	54-40 or fight	oregon county-no fighting happened-rally cry	74
1170148470	Santa Anna	-ruler of mexico -usa didnt like him	75
1170148472	Joseph Smith	founder of mormonism	76
1170148473	mormons	-religion-joseph smith -book of mormon utah	77
1170148475	Force bill	gave president the pwer to use military force to collect tariffs	78
1170148477	Worcester vs. georgia	court case-1832 -state cant restrict a tribe from inviting outsiders into its territory	79
1170148478	trail of tears	removal of cherokee from georgia-40,000 died	80
1170148480	Democratic party	martin van buren -govt doesnt touch economy -negative liberal state -appealed to smaller farmers	81
1170148482	Indian removal act	-natives to west of mississippi -went to court-jackson shouldve been impeached	82
1170148483	Andrew Jackson	-duels -little formal education -fight not write -democratic	83
1170148485	John Calhoun	Vice president under Jackson -nullification	84
1170148486	John Ross	President of Cherokee Tribe	85
1170148487	Convention of 1818	US and Canada Border- 49th parallel	86
1170148488	Adams Onis Treaty	USA gets florida from spain	87
1170148490	Monroe doctrine	Western hemisphere controlled by US- no european intervention in western hemisphere	88
1170148491	Andersonville	infamous prison camp of south - no shelter, huge population, food shortages,overcrowding and disease killed ~100 men daily	89
1170148493	Trent Incident	union ship stopped and boarded British steamer - confederate government representatives taken into custody - Lincoln ordered release	90
1170148495	Merrimack and Monitor	Confederate and Union ironclads, respectively, whose successes against wooden ships signaled an end to wooden warships. They fought an historic, though inconsequential battle in 1862.	91
1170148496	Habeas Corpus	a person cant be held in prison with out first being charged with a crime	92
1170148498	Antietam	first major battle of civil war on northern soil- bloodiest single day battle in american history- about 23,000 deaths	93
1170148500	Gettysburg	turning point of the war- union general Meade lead army of 90000 against Lee's 75000-large size, high cost in lives- gettysburg address- dedication of cemetery	94
1170148502	Emancipation Proclamation	issued by Lincoln on sep. 22 1862- all slaves in confederate states would be free	95
1170148504	Conscription	forced recruitment into the army to meet the needs of war	96
1170148506	J.W. Booth	assassinated lincoln 5 days after surrender to save confederates	97
1170148507	Jefferson Davis	president of confederacy during civil war	98
1170148509	Appomattox	where Lee surrendered- Greant offers the confederacy good surrender terms to try to reunify country	99
1170148510	Ft. Sumter	first shots fired of civil war- union fort in SC attacked by confederates on water	100
1170148512	Copperheads	northern peace democrats opposed abolition and sympathized with south- no victory	101
1170148514	Vicksburg	Grants best faught campaign- union obtained Mississippi river	102
1170148515	Crittenden Proposal	a desperate measure to prevent the civil war, introduced by John Crittenden, senator from KY- offered a constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of 36'30 non interference by congress and compensation to owners of fugitive slaves	103
1170148517	Robert E. Lee	confederate general who had opposed secession but didn't believe the union should be held together by force	104
1170148519	Ulysses S. Grant	an american general and 18th president -achieved international fame as leading Union general in Civil War--Scandals-credit mobilier-new political party- whiskey ring-alcoholic	105
1170148522	Scalawag	former whigs who were born in south or had immigrated south before war and now saw a chance to realize dreams for commercial and industrial development	106
1170148524	Andrew Johnson	VP with Lincoln- opposed radical republicans- 1st president to be impeached	107
1170148525	Thaddeus Stevens	Radical republican who wanted to revolutionize south- equality to blacks- leader in impeachment of Johnson- hoped widespread land distribution to former slaves	108
1170148529	Rutherford Hayes	republican- became president in 1876 refused patronage system, fired unnecessary	109
1170148531	Reconstruction	period after civil war when southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into Union	110
1170148532	Reconstruction Acts	gave radical republicans complete military control over south - divided south into 5 military zones - vetoed by Johnson-passed by congress	111
1170378087	Freedmans bureau	Focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor and establish schools- aid to former slaves	112
1170378088	Civil war amendments	13: all slaves free 14: equal rights-defined citizenship 15: cant deny right to vote based on race or previous state as slave	113
1170378089	Carpetbaggers	northern whites who moved south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction- hoped to get rich	114
1170378090	Plessy vs. Ferguson	court ruled segregation wasn't discriminatory provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites	115
1170378091	Tenure of Office Act	1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet	116
1170378092	Radical Republicans	political party that favored harsh punishment of southern states after civil war	117
1170378093	Richmond VA	Capital of Confederacy	118
1170378094	Popular Sovereignty	people vote if territory has slavery or not	119
1170378095	Lecomption Constitution	a fraudulently elected group of proslavery delegates in Lecompton KS, drafted a state constitution congress denied KS entry into union	120
1170378096	Compromise of 1850	1.Cali= free state 2. divide mexican cession in 2- NM and UT- no federal restrictions on slavery 3.end slave trade in DC 4.Fugitive slave law passed 5. settle border dispute of TX&NM -stephen douglas gets its passed	121
1170378097	Nativism	opposition to immigration	122
1170378098	Harriet Tubman	helped by white abolitionist neighbor-lead underground railroad-19 trips	123
1170378099	Abolitionist	someone who was anti-slavery and wanted to end it	124
1170378100	Missouri Compromise	divides country in half - mason dixon line	125
1170378101	NAt Turner	slave preacher and prophet- had visions from god that told him to rise against enemy-killed about 60 whites- caught, hanged and skinned	126
1170378102	Fugitive Slave Law	1793-if slaves ran away bring them back- many harbored and concealed them 1850- $500 fine if harboring slaves or jail ended 1 year into civil war	127
1170378103	Lincoln Douglass Debate	lincoln tried to like Douglass to proslavery and douglass accused lincoln of endangering union by talks of ending slavery	128
1170378104	Free soil Party	A short lived political party that was against the expansion of slavery into new territories. They had enough people in Congress to influence certain decisions- nominated VanBuren in presidential election-eventually became republicans	129
1170378105	Kansas Nebraska Act	1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.	130
1170378106	Dred Scott Case	Supreme Court case which ruled that slaves are not citizens but are property, affirmed that property cannot be interfered with by Congress, slaves do not become free if they travel to free territories or states, fueled abolitionist movement, hailed as victory for the south	131
1170378107	Wilmont Proviso	David Wilmont-PA Democrat- ban slavery in any territory that might be acquired from mexico - increased sectionalism	132
1170378108	Republic Party	Falling apart-whigs and freesoil-antislavery-immigrants voting democrat	133
1170378109	Abe Lincoln	16th president- assassinated by Booth at fords theatre- Civil war	134
1170378110	Harriet Beecher Stowe	abolitionist author-Uncle Toms Cabin	135
1170378111	John Brown	crazy abolitionist-very violent-harpers ferry	136
1170378112	Freeport Doctrine	Douglas alienated southern supporters	137
1170378113	Ostend Manifesto	a secret memo that urged acquisition of cuba by any means - by american officials	138
1170378114	James Buchanan	15th president-helped draft ostend Manifesto- tried to maintain peace between north and south	139
1170378115	Social Darwinism	survival of the fittest	140
1170378116	Horizontal integration	company creates production units for outputs which are alike	141
1170378117	Muckrakers	1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business	142
1170378118	Vertical Integration	a single company owns and controls the entire process from start to finish	143
1170378119	Sherman Antitrust Act	first federal attempt to regulate big business- unsuccessful	144
1170378120	Political Machines	traded services for votes- headed by strong leader	145
1170378121	Laissez-faire capitalism	An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference.	146
1170378122	Trusts	group of corporations run by a single board of directors	147
1170378123	initiative	Allows voters to petition to propose legislation &then submit it for a vote by qualified voters	148
1170378124	Political Boss	representative for or head of the political machine; gained votes for their parties by doing favors for people.	149
1170378125	Labor Unions	An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions -knights of labor -American Federation of Labor	150
1170378126	Pendelton Act	reform civil service- created a bipartisan civil service commission to administer competitive exams and appoint office holders on the basis of merit	151
1170378127	Old Immigrants	immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe	152
1170378128	New Immigrants	Immigrants from eastern Europe-disliked by old immigrants	153
1170378129	Gilded Age	Name given to time period-looks good on top but underneath filthy	154
1170378130	Chinese exclusion act	(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.	155
1170378131	Populist Party	U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies	156
1170378132	Progressive Movement	-acted out of concern about the effects of industrialization and conditions of industrial life -fundamental optimism about human nature, the possibility of progress and recognition of problems -were willing to intervene in peoples lives -turned to authority of state and govt to put wanted reforms into effect -evangelical Protestantism-get ride of sins and natural and social sciences -touched virtually whole nation	157
1170378133	19th amendment	women can vote	158
1170378134	Panic of 1893	people sold stocks and investments dripped-bankruptcy-unemployment grew	159
1170378135	Andrew Carnegie	owned one of the largest steel companies- largest industrial company in the world	160
1170378136	Rockefeller	built standard oil company-owned 90% of oil	161
1170378137	Boss Tweed	model for political machines- new york county court house	162
1170378138	Robert La Follette	1855-1925. Progressive Wisconsin Senator and Governor. Staunch supporter of the Progressive movement, and vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, WWI, and League of Nations.	163
1170378139	Philanthropy	social gospel- focused on society and individuals, on improving living conditions as well as saving souls- help the poor- settlement houses-	164
1170378140	JP Morgan	Banker who took control of companies, Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"	165
1170378141	Theodore Roosevelt	-square deal~equal treatment of workers and businesses- trust buster~more regulation - Railroad regulation~hepburn Act- pure food and drug act - Bull moose party	166
1170378142	Alfred Thayer Mahan	totally for sea and naval power of us- the influence of sea power upon history- most influential naval strategist	167
1170378143	spanish american war	war between spain and USA over Philippians, cuba, guam and puerto rico- started with sinking of the Maine and General Weyler - Cuba	168
1170378144	Yellow Journalism	writing to "sensationalize" the news	169
1170378145	Roosevelt corollary	warned latin american countries to keep their affairs in order	170
1170378146	Philippine American War	Philippines- 4x as many US soldiers than in cuba- more than three years 4,300 american 50,000-200,000 Philippine deaths - emilio aguinaldo	171
1170378147	Open Door Policy	In china- all spheres of influence have ability for free trade	172
1170378148	Treaty of Paris	ended war with spain and Spain ceded puerto rico, guam, Philippines, and cuba	173
1170378149	Influenza	Spanish Flu killed more americans than WWI	174
1170378150	Big Four	President Wilson- USA Clemenceau of France David Lloyd George- Britain Vittorio Orlando- Italy	175
1170378151	War Boards	tried to ease tension between workers, factories and owners, In order to get needed supplies to the American forces, Wilson's government mobilized a civilian organization to oversee the economy. Each different "war board' oversaw a different part of the economy, making management of the project easier.	176
1170378152	Allied Powers	USA, Britain, Italy, France, Russia	177
1170378153	Central Powers	Germany, Austro-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey	178
1170378154	Committee of Public Information	government agency created to popularize the war with American people through positive propaganda and cut down on any criticism of the government and war effort	179
1170378155	14 points	Wilson- terms for far reaching, non impulsive settlement of WWI	180
1170378156	Espionage Act	prison sentence of up to 20 years for people found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers or encouraging disloyalty	181
1170378157	Sedition Act	Imposed harsh penalties on anyone using disloyal, profane. scurrilous or abusive language about the government, flag or armed forces uniforms	182
1170378158	Socialism	believed war is only to benefit economy and upperclass	183