Ethics & Social Responsibility - Chapter 1 Flashcards

1614187280	act utilitarianism	A consequentialist ethical theory that claims an action is right if it is the act that generates the greatest good for the greatest number.	0
1614187281	argument	A set of sentences (premises) put forth to establish a claim (conclusion); the set of premises and conclusion form the argument.	1
1614187282	belief	A claim that is held to be true.	2
1614187283	conclusion	The result of an argument, or what the argument seeks to establish.	3
1614187284	deductive argument	A kind of reasoning in which a conclusion is shown to follow necessarily from the premises.	4
1614187285	deontology	A nonconsequentialist ethical theory that claims an act is to be evaluated in terms of its accordance with a specified set of rules.	5
1614187286	dialectical	Describing a specific mode of argument; also a term characterizing an interdependent relationship between or among two or more things.	6
1614187287	emotivism	A meta-ethical view that claims ethical statements are merely expressions of one's emotion toward a given act, not based on facts or moral realities.	7
1614187288	ethical egoism	An ethical view that argues acts should be done out of a person's self-interest.	8
1614187289	Golden Mean	The middle, or mean, between two extremes; prominent in Aristotle's discussion of virtue.	9
1614187290	inductive	Describes a kind of reasoning in which a conclusion is based on a set of reasons that do not conclusively establish that conclusion.	10
1614187291	intuitions	A general term used to refer to views that are spontaneous or not necessarily the result of considered, rational reflection.	11
1614187292	justified belief	A claim that a person holds on the basis of evidence and reason sufficient to claim that the belief is warranted or legitimate.	12
1614187293	knowledge claim	The assertion of something as factual or objectively true.	13
1614187294	logic	The study of arguments and how they are put together.	14
1614187295	noncognitive	Describes a meta-ethical view that denies there are moral facts, or real moral truths; the denial that moral claims can be determined to be true or false.	15
1614187296	opinion	A subjectively based claim that does not necessarily appeal to reason or evidence.	16
1614187297	premise	A reason put forth in argument to support a claim or conclusion.	17
1614187298	psychological egoism	The view that people, in fact, do whatever it is that maximizes their utility.	18
1614187299	relativism	The view that moral claims are relative to an individual or community, and do not have objective value or truth.	19
1614187300	rule utilitarianism	A consequentialist ethical theory that claims an action is right if it is in accordance with a rule that generates the greatest good for the greatest number.	20
1614187301	sentence	A linguistic unit of meaning designed to assert something; often said to require both a subject and a predicate as minimal components.	21
1614187302	soundness	The characteristic of a deductive argument that is valid, and the premises of which are true.	22
1614187303	utilitarianism	A consequentialist ethical theory that evaluates moral claims in terms of their outcomes, and to the extent these outcomes generate the greatest benefit for the greatest number.	23
1614187304	validity	The characteristic of a deductive argument requiring the truth of the conclusion if the truth of the premises is accepted.	24
1614187305	virtue ethics	An ethical theory that focuses on the character of the agent in evaluating moral behavior, in contrast to utilitarianism or deontology; often associated with Aristotle.	25