Biological Molecules (all together) Flashcards

833942090	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate: one sugar	0
833942091	disaccharide	Two monosaccharides joined by condensation reaction	1
833942092	glycosidic link	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides	2
833942093	condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water	3
833942094	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	4
833942095	hexose	6 carbon sugar	5
833942096	pentose	5 carbon sugar	6
833942097	alpha glucose	glucose where on C1 H on top, OH on bottom	7
833942098	beta glucose	glucose where on C1 OH on top, H on bottom	8
833942099	triose	3 carbon sugar	9
833942100	amino acid	Building blocks of protein (monomer)	10
833942101	amine group	the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid -NH2	11
833942102	carboxyl group	A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group -COOH	12
833942103	R group	Amino acid side chain- different for each amino acid	13
833942104	peptide bond	The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid	14
833942105	dipeptide	Two amino acids bonded together	15
833942106	condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water	16
833942107	hydrolysis	Breaking down molecules by the chemical addition of water	17
833942108	primary structure	The specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.	18
833942109	secondary structure	level of protein structure consisting of beta pleated sheets and alpha helices	19
833942110	tertiary structure	3D shape of single polypeptide using hydrogen bonding, ioning bonding and disulphide bridges	20
833942111	quaternary structure	The shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.	21
833942112	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate: one sugar	22
833942113	disaccharide	Two monosaccharides joined by condensation reaction	23
833942114	glycosidic link	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides	24
833942115	condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water	25
833942116	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	26
833942117	hexose	6 carbon sugar	27
833942118	pentose	5 carbon sugar	28
833942119	alpha glucose	glucose where on C1 H on top, OH on bottom	29
833942120	beta glucose	glucose where on C1 OH on top, H on bottom	30
833942121	triose	3 carbon sugar	31
833942123	Lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	32
833942124	triglyceride	lipid made of one glycerol with three attached fatty acids	33
833942152	cholesterol	A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes	34
833942153	phospholipid	A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.	35
833942154	glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils. A small molecule that forms the head region of a triglyceride fat molecule	36
833942155	ester bond	The bond formed when fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol molecules in condensation reactions.	37
833942157	fatty acid	A long carbon skeleton, with usually 16-18 carbons, at the end has a carboxyl group attached to a hydrocarbon	38
833942158	saturated	Fats with the maximum number of hydrogens.	39
833942159	unsaturated	Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains	40
833942160	monounsaturated	A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes only one double carbon bond.	41
833942161	polyunsaturated	A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes two or more double carbon bonds.	42
833942376	condensation reaction	joining of two molecules with the removal of water	43
833942377	hydrolysis	breaking of bond between two molecules with the addition of water	44
833942379	hydrophillic	water loving	45
833942381	hydrophobic	water fearing	46
833942382	amino acid	Building blocks of protein (monomer)	47
833942383	amine group	the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid -NH2	48
833942384	carboxyl group	A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group -COOH	49
833942385	R group	Amino acid side chain- different for each amino acid	50
833942386	peptide bond	The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid	51
833942387	dipeptide	Two amino acids bonded together	52
833942388	condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water	53
833942389	hydrolysis	Breaking down molecules by the chemical addition of water	54
833942390	primary structure	The specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.	55
833942391	secondary structure	level of protein structure consisting of beta pleated sheets and alpha helices	56
833942393	tertiary structure	3D shape of single polypeptide using hydrogen bonding, ioning bonding and disulphide bridges	57
833942394	quaternary structure	The shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.	58
833942395	amino acid	Building blocks of protein (monomer)	59
833942464	amine group	the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid -NH2	60
833942465	carboxyl group	A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group -COOH	61
833942466	R group	Amino acid side chain- different for each amino acid	62
833942469	peptide bond	The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid	63
833942470	dipeptide	Two amino acids bonded together	64
833942471	condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water	65
833942472	hydrolysis	Breaking down molecules by the chemical addition of water	66
833942473	primary structure	The specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.	67
833943023	secondary structure	level of protein structure consisting of beta pleated sheets and alpha helices	68
833943024	tertiary structure	3D shape of single polypeptide using hydrogen bonding, ioning bonding and disulphide bridges	69
833943025	quaternary structure	The shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.	70
833943026	Haemoglobin	Transport protein - quaternary structure with central haem group in each chain - oxygen transport	71
833943027	Collagen	A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of this are typically very strong, e.g. bone, tendons and ligaments	72
833943028	Enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	73
833943029	Globular Protein	These proteins are small spheres with little to no water inside. They have hydrophobic amino acids in the inside and hydrophilic R groups on the outside.	74
833943030	Fibrous Protein	(Structural proteins) Insoluble in water; chief building materials of the body; usually used to construct connective tissues, tendons, bone matrix and muscle fiber.	75
833943031	Glycogen	A polysaccharide found in animal cells, formed from bonding of many glucose molecules, found in liver cells, used as a glucose/energystorage	76
833943032	Cellulose	A carbohydrate polymer of beta glucose that forms plant cell walls	77
833943033	Amylose	Part of a starch molecule, consisting of many thousands of glucose monosaccharides bonded together	78
833943034	Amylopectin	Part of a starch molecule where the glucose chains are branched. (1-6 glycosidic links)	79
833943035	Glycosidic bond	Covalent bond formed when carbohydrate molecules are joined together in a condensation reaction	80
833943036	Glucose	6 carbon monosaccharide sugar: two forms, alpha and beta	81
833943037	Monosaccharide	A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose	82
833943047	Disaccharide	Molecule that is two monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic links	83
833943129	Polysaccharide	Molecule that is many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic links	84
833943279	1-6 glycosidic bond/link	bond between carbons one and six on two glucose molecules (branching)	85
833943280	1-4 glycosidic bond/link	bond between carbons one and four on two glucose molecules (linear)	86