Ch 17- An Age of Enlightenment Flashcards

457411288	Montesquieu	French aristocrat whose work "The Spirit of the Laws" claimed that the key to good government was the separation of powers.	0
457411289	Denis Diderot	Philosophe whose great contribution to the Enlightenment was the twenty-eight-volume Encyclopedia.	1
457411290	Emile	Book in which Jean-Jacques Rousseau explained his revolutionary theories on education.	2
457411291	Mary Astell	English writer who advocated better educational opportunities for women and equality of the sexes in marriage.	3
457411292	Vierzehnheiligen	Southern German pilgrimage church of the "fourteen saints" which illustrates the ideals of the Rococo style in architecture.	4
457411293	Franz Joseph Haydn	One of the masters of "classical" music, he was a prolific composer of music both for the court and the public.	5
457411294	Henry Fielding	A pioneer of the novel, he wrote about people without scruples who survived by their wits, including the character Tom Jones.	6
457411295	Cesare Beccaria	Italian reformer who argued that punishment should be designed to deter crime, not just to punish criminals.	7
457411296	Toleration Patent	Austrian Emperor Joseph II's decree of 1781 which granted religious toleration to minority faiths as well as to the majority Catholic population.	8
457411297	Methodism	The Anglican movement led by John Wesley which eventually separated from the Church of England to become a new denomination.	9
457411298	Jean Calas	Protestant defended by Voltaire when falsely accused of murder	10
457411299	Deism	Belief in God as Creator without reference to Christian dogma.	11
457411300	Emile (Who is emily?)	Rousseau's imaginary student in his book on education.	12
457411301	Balthasar Neumann	Rococo architect who built the Würzburg Residenz	13
457411302	J. S. Bach	Composer of the Baroque St. Matthew's Passion	14
457411303	W. A. Mozart	Prodigy who wrote The Marriage of Figaro	15
457411304	Tom Jones	Leading character in Henry Fielding's novel	16
457411305	Spectator	Early magazine published by Addison and Steele.	17
457411306	Jesuit	Expelled from France in 1764.	18
457411307	Pietism	Form of Protestant mysticism that emphasized good works.	19
457411308	Bernard de Fontenelle, the man who popularized the new scientific learning, was for fifty years secretary of the...	Royal Academy of Science	20
457411309	The Enlightenment of the eighteenth century was characterized by the philosphes' ...	Rejection of traditional Christian dogma	21
457411310	The French philosphes...	Fashioned a grand, rational system of thought.	22
457411311	In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued for...	Balance between various branches of government.	23
457411312	The form of religion calledDeism was based on a...	Newtonian view of the world as a machine created by God.	24
457411313	Voltaire was perhaps best known for his criticism of...	Religious and social intolerance.	25
457411314	Diderot's opinions on sexuality included...	The renunciation of chastity for the unmarried	26
457411315	Cesare Beccaria challegned contemporary thought and practices concerning the...	Proper punishment of criminals.	27
457411316	Identify the correct relationship between the social scientist and his work...	Francois Quesnay---tried to discover the natural economic laws that govern human society.	28
457411317	In his Social Contract, Rousseau expressed the belief that...	A society achieves freedom by doing what is best for all.	29
457411318	The rule of the eighteenth century salon was that...	Relations between men and women would be purely platonic.	30
457411319	Rococo architecture was...	Best expressed in the buildings of Balthasar Neumann	31
457411320	European music of the eighteenth century was exemplified by the...	Operas of Amadeus Mozart, who shifted the locus of music from Italy to Austria	32
457411321	The historical literature of the eighteeenth century...	Paid careful attention to the economic and social causes of historical events.	33
457411322	During the eighteenth century the British were pioneers in...	The novel as a vehicle for fiction.	34
457411323	Most eighteenth-century European educational institutions were...	Elitist and geared to the needs of the upper class.	35
457411324	A noticeable trend in eighteenth-century medicine was the...	Lessening of the older distinction between surgeon and physician.	36
457411325	Literacy rates in late eighteenth-century France were...	Generally higher than in the century before.	37
457411326	Because of its growing influence, the Society of Jesus was in 1773...	Dissolved by order of the pope.	38
457411327	Most eighteenth-century Christians believed that the solution to the "Jewish problem" was...	Conversion to the Christian faith.	39