Chapter 10 - Environmental Health and Toxicology Flashcards

513108904	Bisphenol A (BPA)	chemical associated with everything from neurological effects to miscarriages	0
513108905	environmental health	asseses environmental factors that influence our health and quality of life	1
513108906	types of hazards	physical chemical cultural biological	2
513108907	physical hazards	arise from processes that occur naturally and pose risks to human health ex: UV rays, floods, droughts	3
513108908	chemical hazards	synthetical and natural substances that are harmful to human health	4
513108909	biological hazards	result from interactions among organisms infectious diseases	5
513108910	cultural hazards	result from our place of residence, economic status, occupation and behavioral choices ex: smoking, crime	6
513108911	most common causes of death	infectious diseases cardiovascular diseases cancer respiratory or digestive diseases	7
513108912	toxicology	examines the effects of poisonous chemicals on humans and other organisms	8
513108913	toxicity	degree of harm a chemical substance can inflict	9
513108914	toxicant	toxic substance	10
513108915	environmental toxicology	deals specifically with toxic substances that come from or are discharged into the environment	11
513108916	leading indoor hazards	smoking cigarettes and radon	12
513108917	lead poisoning may cause	damage to kidney brain liver and stomach as well as neurological abnormalities and even death	13
513108918	toxins	toxic chemicals manufactured in the tissues of living organisms ex: chemicals that plants use to defend themselves	14
513108919	silent spring	Rachel Carson warned about the use of using pesticides (DDT)	15
513108920	carcinogens	best known substances or types of radiation that cause cancer mostly generated by cigarette smoke	16
513108921	mutagens	substances that cause genetic mutations in the DNA of organisms	17
513108922	teratogens	cause damage to the unborn	18
513108923	neurotoxins	chemicals that assault the nervous system	19
513108924	allergens	overactivate the immune system causing an immune response when one is not necessary	20
513108925	pathways inhibitors	interrupt vital biochemical processes in organisms by blocking one or more steps in important biochemical pathways	21
513108926	endocrine disruptors	substances that interfere with the endocrine system	22
513108927	first barriers against toxic chemicals	skin scales feathers and fur	23
513108928	biochemical pathways used to destroy harmful chemicals	enzymes or make them water soluble	24
513108929	acute exposure	high exposure for short periods of time	25
513108930	chronic exposure	low exposure for long periods of time	26
513108931	global atmospheric circulations	moves chemicals towards the north contaminating polar bears and other arctic animals	27
513108932	bioaccumulation	animals tissues have greater concentration of the substance than exists in the surrounding environment	28
513108933	biomagnification	magnification of toxic substances as a result of consuming other organisms also affected	29
513108934	epidemiological studies	large scale comparisons among groups of people usually contrasting people who are know to have been exposed and others who have not	30
513108935	dose response analysis	measures the strength of its effects or the number of organisms affected at different doses	31
513108936	dose	amount of substance the test animal receives	32
513108937	response	type or magnitude of negative effects	33
513108938	lethal dose LD	amount of the substance it takes to kill half the population of study animals used High LD - low toxicity Low LD - high toxicity	34
513108939	Effective dose	50% of population of test animals is affected in some way	35
513108940	threshold dose	responses occur only above a certain dose	36
513108941	synergestic effects	effects that are greater than the simple sum of its parts	37
513108942	risk assessment	quantitative measurement of risk and the comparison of risks involved in different activities or substances	38
513108943	risk management	decisions and strategies to minimize risk	39
513108944	Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)	EPA monitor 83000 industrial chemicals manufactured or imported to the us	40
513108945	REACH	Europe shifts burden of proof for safety of chemicals from gov to industry and all substances must be registered with an agency	41
513108946	POPs	toxic chemicals that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate, biomagnify and travel long distances	42