Psycology CLEP Flashcards

2711515282	Neuron	a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses	0
2711515283	Dendrites	branching extensions of neuron that receives messages from neighboring neurons	1
2711515284	Soma	alternative names for the body of a human being	2
2711515285	Axon	long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron	3
2711515286	Axon Terminals	bulb like structers at end of axon contain neuro transmitters that carry neuron message into synapse	4
2711515287	Resting Potential	the potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse	5
2711515289	Action Potentional	a neural impulse; a breif electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron	6
2711515290	Ion Channels	specific channels for each ion; respond to stretching of cell membrane,electrical signals, or chemicals	7
2711515291	Negative potential	A drop in electrical charge below the resting potential.	8
2711515292	Acetylcholine	a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline	9
2711515293	Synapse	the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron	10
2711515294	Neurotansmitter	chemical released by the presynaptic cell that is then picked up by the postsynaptic cell to effect an action	11
2711515295	Receptor sites	holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters	12
2711515296	Neuronpeptides	Brain chemicals, such as enkephalins and endorphins, that regulate the activity of neurons	13
2711515297	Nerve	any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body	14
2711515299	Peripheral	the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord	15
2711515300	Somatic	The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system.	16
2711515301	Autonomic	Controls involuntary muscles	17
2711515302	Sympathetic	Part of the Autonomic System. Fight or Flight response. Supplies nerve impulses to the heart, smooth muscles, sweat glands, and viscera.	18
2711515303	Parasympathetic	the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy	19
2711515306	Sensory	a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord	20
2711515308	Ablation	takes away a layer or destroys a tissue layer	21
2711515309	Electrode	a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit	22
2711515314	MRI	magnetic resonance imaging scan	23
2711515315	FMRI	reveals blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans (shows the function)	24
2711515316	PET	a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task	25
2711515317	Cerebal cortex	outside of cerebum that controls highest functions like reasoning, memory, conciousness, speech, voluntary mucles movement, vision, hearing, sensation, etc - part of brain therefore part of central nervous system	26
2711515318	Corticalization	an increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex	27
2711515322	Occipital	An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information.	28
2711515323	Parietal	One of the four major areas of the cerebrum. This area deals with reception of sensory information from the body's opposite side. It also plays a part in reading, writing, language and calculation.	29
2711515325	Temporal lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear	30
2711515326	Frontal lobes	the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments	31
2711515327	Motor cortex	the cortical area that influences motor movements	32
2711515328	Association cortex	cortical areas that are neither motor or sensory but are thought to be involved in higher processing of information	33
2711515329	Aphasia	inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion	34
2711515330	Broca's area	controls language expression-an aread of the frontal, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech	35
2711515331	Wernicke	speech comprehension	36
2711515332	Agosia	loss of ability to recognize familiar objects	37
2711515333	Facial agnosia	inability to perceive familiar faces	38
2711515334	Subcortex	All brain structures below the cerebral cortex.	39
2711515336	Medulla	the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal	40
2711515337	Pons	a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain	41
2711515338	Cerebellum	the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance	42
2711515339	Reticular	A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.	43
2711515340	Reticular activating	this is how pain can wake you up.	44
2711515341	system	instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity	45
2711515342	Thalamus	large egg-shaped structures of gray matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon	46
2711515343	Hypothalamus	a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system	47
2711515344	Limbic system	a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior	48
2711515345	Amygdala	an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum	49
2711515346	Hippocamus	a structure in the limbic system involved in the acquisition and consolidation of new information in the memory	50
2711515347	Endocrine system	the system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity	51
2711515348	Hormone	the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect	52
2711515350	Pituitary gland	the master gland of the endocrine system	53
2711515351	Pineal gland	a small endocrine gland in the brain	54
2711515352	Melatonin	hormone secreted by the pineal gland	55
2711515353	Thyroid Gland	located near the base of the neck. Controls body metabolism rate.	56
2711515354	Epinephrine	a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin)	57
2711515355	Norepinephrine	a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses	58
2711515356	Adrenal gland	either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney	59
2711515359	Lateralization	localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain	60
2711516231	Cognitive	How we encode, process, store and retrieve information.	61
2711524073	Noam Chomsky	American linguist who influenced the growth of cognitive psychology	62
2711525055	Episodic	A category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events, situations and experiences.	63
2711525184	Morpheme	In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).	64
2711525361	Procedural	A type of long-term memory of how to perform different actions and skills. Essentially, it is the memory of how to do certain things.	65
2711525756	Metamemory	Knowledge and awareness of a person's own memory	66
2711527111	Hippocampus	A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage	67
2711528317	Peripheral	A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord.	68
2711565182	Endocrine	Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.	69
2711567679	Charles Spearman	1863-1945; Field: intelligence; Contributions: found that specific mental talents were highly correlated, concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he labeled 'g' (general ability)	70
2711986708	Broca	Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.	71
2711996156	Alfred Binet	1857-1911; Field: testing; Contributions: general IQ tests, designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S. because too culture-bound (French)	72
2711996757	BF Skinner	1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions: created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies: Skinner box	73