Ch. 2 The Planting of English America, 1500-1733 Flashcards

858356743	Lost Colony of Roanoke Island	A colony set up by navigators for Sir Walter Rateigh. In 1591, another group come to find all of the colonists gone. No one knows what happened.	0
858356744	Spanish Armada	in 1588, Philip II assembled this fleet to fight against Elizabeth I's fleet but lost greatly. This marks the rise of England's naval supremacy and the decline of Spanish naval power	1
858356745	Sir Walter Raleigh	An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony."	2
858356746	Primogeniture	A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth.	3
858356747	Joint-stock company	A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.	4
858356748	Jamestown	The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop.	5
858356749	Virginia Company	Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.	6
858356750	Powhatan	Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death.	7
858356751	Pocahontas	A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.	8
858356752	Lord De La Warr	New governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610, immediately imposing a military regime in Jamestown and declaring war against the Powhatan Confederacy. Employed "Irish tactics" in which his troops burned houses and cornfields.	9
858356753	First Anglo-Powhatan War	when Lord de la Warr introduced Irish tactics against Indians (raiding villages, burned houses, took provisions, and torched fields) ended in 1614 and sealed peace by the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas	10
858356754	Second Anglo-Powhatan War	(1644) Indians attempted for the last time to get rid of the Virginians but were defeated. Peace treaty of 1646 banned the Chesapeake Indians from peacefully coexisting with the virginians. Also, it banned Indians from their native lands and brought the Powhatan Indians to extinction	11
858356755	John Rolfe	He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.	12
858356756	House of Burgesses	the Virginia assembly, which was the first representative assembly in the American colonies	13
858356757	Lord Baltimore	Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony	14
858356758	Act of Toleration	an act passed in Maryland 1649 that granted freedom of worship to all Christians; although it was enacted to protect the Catholic minority in Maryland, it was a benchmark of religious freedom in all the colonies. It did not extend to non-Christians, however.	15
858356759	Barbados Slave Codes	The Barbados slave code of 1661 gave masters virtually complete control over their slaves. They were put in place to control the large and potentially restive population of slaves.	16
858356760	Restoration	Restored the English monarchy to Charles II, both Houses of Parliament were restored, established Anglican church, courts of law and local government.	17
858356761	Colony of North Carolina	Founded in 1653. Very early settlements did not last. Largely dependent upon tobacco cultivation.	18
858356762	Colony of South Carolina	Southern colony founded by the English. Large agricultural economy (rice and indigo), and greatly relied on slave labor for much of its history.	19
858356763	James Oglethorpe	founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his interest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat.	20
858356764	John Wesley	Anglican minister; created religious movement, Methodism; led to become missionary to the English people; apealed especialy to lower class; his Methodism gave lower and middle classes in English society a sense of purpose and comunity	21
858356765	Colony of Maryland	proprietary colony granted to Lord Baltimore, intended to profit but also founded as a haven for Catholics	22
858356766	Colony of Virginia	English colony, settled in 1609 by the Virginia Company. Included the first permanent colony of Jamestown.	23
858356767	Colony of Georgia	served as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the rest of the English colonies, haven for debtors	24
858356768	Iroquois Confederation	a group of First Nations/Native Americans that originally consisted of five nations: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, and the Seneca.	25
858356769	Handsome Lake	In 1799 Angelic figures in traditional Iroquois garb appeared to Handsome Lake and said that if the Iroquois did not mend their immoral ways then they would die out. He worked to revive old Iroquois customs and affirm family values, as well as forsake alcohol. He died in 1815, but his teachings live on in the form of the longhouse religion.	26
858356770	Protestant Reformation	the break from the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s by those who believed in direct access to God and salvation by faith	27
858356771	Colonial Charter	charter by the monarch that outlined the basic terms of venture. It guaranteed the settlers the same rights as the people of England. Allowed settlers to believe that the colonies were just an expansion of England, and not a separate nation, which encourage people searching for more land and ownership to expand.	28
858356772	Tuscarora War	(1711-1713) Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.	29
858356773	Yamasee Indians	Defeated by the south Carolinans in the war of 1715-1716. The Yamasee defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern colonies.	30
858356774	Buffer colony	A colony that lies between two rivals in order to keep fighting at bay. Georgia was a the buffer colony out of the original thirteen for the Carolinas to protect them from the Spanish Florida and French Louisiana. Georgia was also a penal colony for debtors. Georgia was a vital link in imperial defense for Britain.	31
858356775	Henry VIII	(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.	32
858356776	Elizabeth I	Tudor Queen of England. Succeeded Mary I in 1558 and ruled until 1603. In addition to leading the defeat of the Spanish Armada and developing England into a world power, she strengthened Protestantism. Daughter of Henry VIII.	33
858356777	Sir Francis Drake	English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)	34
858356778	Captain John Smith	Admiral of New England, an English soldier, sailor, and author. This person is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay.	35
858356779	Oliver Cromwell	English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.	36
858356780	Hiawatha	Legendary Native American leader and founder of the Iroquois confederacy. He was a follower of the Great Peacemaker, a prophet and spiritual leader, who proposed unification of the Iroquois (who shared similar languages). Was instrumental in persuading the Senecas, Cayugas, Onondaga, Oneidas, and Mohawks to accept the Great Peacemaker's vision and band together.	37